Synbiotic of <i>Pediococcus acidilactici</i> and Inulin Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Acute Ulcerative Colitis in Mice

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Abstract

Colitis is a major gastrointestinal disease that threatens human health. In this study, a synbiotic composed of inulin and Pediococcus acidilactici ( P. acidilactici) was investigated for its ability to alleviate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. The results revealed that the synbiotic, composed of inulin and P. acidilactici, attenuated the body weight loss and disease activity index (DAI) score in mice with DSS-mediated colitis. Determination of biochemical indicators found that the synbiotic increased anti-oxidation and alleviated inflammation in mice. Additionally, histopathological examination revealed that colonic goblet cell loss and severe mucosal damage in the model group were significantly reversed by the combination of inulin and P. acidilactici. Moreover, synbiotic treatment significantly reduced the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the serum of mice. Thus, a synbiotic composed of inulin and P. acidilactici has preventive and therapeutic effects on DSSinduced colitis in mice.

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Beneficial Effects of Probiotic Consumption on the Immune System

Carolina Maldonado-Galdeano, Silvia Inés Cazorla, José María Lemme Dumit … (2019)

Background: The gastrointestinal tract is one of the most microbiologically active ecosystems that plays a crucial role in the working of the mucosal immune system (MIS). In this ecosystem, the consumed probiotics stimulate the immune system and induce a network of signals mediated by the whole bacteria or their cell wall structure. This review is aimed at describing the immunological mechanisms of probiotics and their beneficial effects on the host. Summary: Once administered, oral probiotic bacteria interact with the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) or immune cells associated with the lamina propria, through Toll-like receptors, and induce the production of different cytokines or chemokines. Macrophage chemoattractant protein 1, produced by the IECs, sends signals to other immune cells leading to the activation of the MIS, characterized by an increase in immunoglobulin A + cells of the intestine, bronchus and mammary glands, and the activation of T cells. Specifically, probiotics activate regulatory T cells that release IL-10. Interestingly, probiotics reinforce the intestinal barrier by an increase of the mucins, the tight junction proteins and the Goblet and Paneth cells. Another proposed mechanism of probiotics is the modulation of intestinal microbiota by maintaining the balance and suppressing the growth of potential pathogenic bacteria in the gut. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that long-term probiotics consumption does not affect the intestinal homeostasis. The viability of probiotics is crucial in the interaction with IECs and macrophages favoring, mainly, the innate immune response. Macrophages and Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in this immune response without inducing an inflammatory pattern, just a slight increase in the cellularity of the lamina propria. Besides, as part of the machinery that probiotics activate to protect against different pathogens, an increase in the microbicidal activity of peritoneal and spleen macrophages has been reported. In malnutrition models, such as undernourishment and obesity, probiotic was able to increase the intestinal and systemic immune response. Furthermore, probiotics contribute to recover the histology of both the intestine and the thymus damaged in these conditions. Probiotic bacteria are emerging as a safe and natural strategy for allergy prevention and treatment. Different mechanisms such as the generation of cytokines from activated pro-T-helper type 1, which favor the production of IgG instead of IgE, have been proposed. Key Messages: Probiotic bacteria, their cell walls or probiotic fermented milk have significant effects on the functionality of the mucosal and systemic immune systems through the activation of multiple immune mechanisms.

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Investigating intestinal inflammation in DSS-induced model of IBD.

Janice Kim, Md Sharif Shajib, Marcus M Manocha … (2012)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses a range of intestinal pathologies, the most common of which are ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD). Both UC and CD, when present in the colon, generate a similar symptom profile which can include diarrhea, rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, and weight loss.(1) Although the pathogenesis of IBD remains unknown, it is described as a multifactorial disease that involves both genetic and environmental components.(2) There are numerous and variable animal models of colonic inflammation that resemble several features of IBD. Animal models of colitis range from those arising spontaneously in susceptible strains of certain species to those requiring administration of specific concentrations of colitis-inducing chemicals, such as dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). Chemical-induced models of gut inflammation are the most commonly used and best described models of IBD. Administration of DSS in drinking water produces acute or chronic colitis depending on the administration protocol.(3) Animals given DSS exhibit weight loss and signs of loose stool or diarrhea, sometimes with evidence of rectal bleeding.(4,5) Here, we describe the methods by which colitis development and the resulting inflammatory response can be characterized following administration of DSS. These methods include histological analysis of hematoxylin/eosin stained colon sections, measurement of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and determination of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, which can be used as a surrogate marker of inflammation.(6) The extent of the inflammatory response in disease state can be assessed by the presence of clinical symptoms or by alteration in histology in mucosal tissue. Colonic histological damage is assessed by using a scoring system that considers loss of crypt architecture, inflammatory cell infiltration, muscle thickening, goblet cell depletion, and crypt abscess.(7) Quantitatively, levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines with acute inflammatory properties, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α,can be determined using conventional ELISA methods. In addition, MPO activity can be measured using a colorimetric assay and used as an index of inflammation.(8) In experimental colitis, disease severity is often correlated with an increase in MPO activity and higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Colitis severity and inflammation-associated damage can be assessed by examining stool consistency and bleeding, in addition to assessing the histopathological state of the intestine using hematoxylin/eosin stained colonic tissue sections. Colonic tissue fragments can be used to determine MPO activity and cytokine production. Taken together, these measures can be used to evaluate the intestinal inflammatory response in animal models of experimental colitis.

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The role of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in animal nutrition

Paulina Markowiak, Katarzyna Śliżewska (2018)

Along with the intensive development of methods of livestock breeding, breeders’ expectations are growing concerning feed additives that would guarantee such results as accelerating growth rate, protection of health from pathogenic infections and improvement of other production parameters such as: absorption of feed and quality of meat, milk, eggs. The main reason for their application would be a strive to achieve some beneficial effects comparable to those of antibiotic-based growth stimulators, banned on 01 January 2006. High hopes are being associated with the use of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. Used mainly for maintenance of the equilibrium of the intestinal microbiota of livestock, they turn out to be an effective method in fight against pathogens posing a threat for both animals and consumers. This paper discusses definitions of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics. Criteria that have to be met by those kinds of formulas are also presented. The paper offers a list of the most commonly used probiotics and prebiotics and some examples of their combinations in synbiotic formulas used in animal feeding. Examples of available study results on the effect of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics on animal health are also summarised.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Microbiol Biotechnol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Microbiol Biotechnol

Title: Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

Publisher: The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology

ISSN (Print): 1017-7825

ISSN (Electronic): 1738-8872

Publication date (Print): 28 March 2024

Publication date (Electronic): 27 December 2023

Publication date PMC-release: 27 December 2023

Volume: 34

Issue: 3

Pages: 689-699

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, P.R. China

[2 ]Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, P.R. China

[3 ]Department of Chemistry, National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Chemistry Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, P.R. China

[4 ]Department of Animal Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, P.R. China

[5 ]Laboratory Animal Center?Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, P.R. China

[6 ]Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, P.R. China

Author notes

[* ] Corresponding authors L. Cui Phone: +86-433-2435518 E-mail: cuilianhua@ 123456ybu.edu.cn

C. Yan Phone: +86-433-2435167 E-mail: cryan@ 123456ybu.edu.cn

[†]

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Article

Publisher ID: jmb-34-3-689

DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2308.08056

PMC ID: 11016757

PubMed ID: 38346819

SO-VID: b056111f-1c81-403f-9285-60f6ff9d86cf

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This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license

History

Date received : 19 September 2023

Date revision received : 24 November 2023

Date accepted : 13 December 2023

Synbiotic of Pediococcus acidilactici and Inulin Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Acute Ulcerative Colitis in Mice

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Karger: Gastroenterology

Most cited references 38

Beneficial Effects of Probiotic Consumption on the Immune System

Investigating intestinal inflammation in DSS-induced model of IBD.

The role of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics in animal nutrition

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