Phosphorus digestibility and bioavailability in soybean meal, spray-dried plasma protein, and meat and bone meal determined using different methods

Abstract

Three experiments were conducted to determine phosphorus ( P) digestibility and bioavailability using different methods. The objective of the first experiment was to determine ileal P digestibility of soybean meal ( SBM), meat and bone meal ( MBM), and spray-dried plasma protein ( SDPP) using a precision-fed broiler chick assay. This assay involved feeding 8 g of SBM, MBM, or SDPP to broiler chicks at 21 D of age. At 6 h after feeding, ileal digesta were collected. Ileal P digestibility of SBM, MBM, and SDPP was 64, 42, and 94%, respectively. In the second experiment, ileal P digestibility and excreta P retention of SBM, SDPP, and MBM were determined using an ad libitum fed chick assay. On day 17 of age, chicks were placed on 1 of 12 dietary treatments that consisted of diets containing increasing levels of SBM, SDPP, or MBM. On day 21, ileal digesta and excreta were collected. True ileal P digestibility and true excreta P retention estimated using regression of ileal P or excreta P output on dietary P content yielded true ileal P digestibility values for SBM, SDPP, and MBM (2 diet methods for MBM) to be 83, 98, 61, and 23%, respectively. True excreta P retention values for SBM, SDPP, and MBM (2 methods) were determined to be 51, 99, 32, and 53%, respectively. The third experiment determined bioavailability of P in SBM, SDPP, and MBM relative to KH ₂PO ₄ using a chick bone ash bioassay. Dietary treatments included a P-deficient cornstarch–dextrose–SBM diet supplemented with 2 increasing levels of P from KH ₂PO ₄, SBM, SDPP, or MBM. Bioavailability of P based on tibia ash estimated using the multiple regression slope ratio method was 36, 125, and 76% for SBM, SDPP, and MBM, respectively, relative to KH ₂PO ₄. The results of this study indicated the digestibility/relative bioavailability of the P in SDPP was very high for all 3 methods, but values for SBM and MBM varied greatly among different methods.