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      Perfil de salud general de pescadores artesanales de la región de Los Lagos Translated title: General Health Profile of Craft Fishermen of the Los Lagos Region

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          Abstract

          Fundamento: los pescadores artesanales viven una realidad laboral y personal extremadamente exigente y compleja, que repercute en su calidad de vida, y les provoca daños tempranos a su salud. Objetivo: identificar el perfil general de salud de pescadores artesanales, de la región de Los Lagos, Chile. Métodos: se realizó un estudio cuantitativo mediante la aplicación de una encuesta de salud a 92 pescadores artesanales, con una media de edad de 63 años. Las variables de estudio fueron: edad, peso, talla, nivel de escolaridad, historia de enfermedades previas, hospitalizaciones, consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, hábito de fumar, presencia de tuberculosis, glucemia en ayunas, obesidad-sobrepeso. Se aplicaron como instrumentos: encuesta sociodemográfica, cuestionario, examen médico preventivo, evaluación periódica de salud. Las variables fueron analizadas por medio de la estadística descriptiva e inferencial y presentadas en tablas de frecuencias. Los estadígrafos descriptivos calculados fueron media y deviación estándar. Para el análisis inferencial se aplicó la prueba Chi cuadrado. Resultados: los principales resultados indicaron que un 68 % presentó sobrepeso y obesidad, un 41 % hipertensión, el 48 % fuma tabaco, y un 38 % declaró consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, solo el 17 % señaló realizar actividad física tres o más veces por semana, un 42 % presentó valores de glucemia >100 mg/dl en ayunas. Conclusión: los datos indican la necesidad de generar acciones preventivas, de promoción y tratamiento oportuno de las patologías de salud, para evitar que se conviertan en causas directas o indirectas de fallecimiento de los trabajadores.

          Translated abstract

          Foundation: craft fishermen live in an extremely demanding and complex labor and personal reality, which impact in their quality of life and provoke early health problems. Objective: to identify the craft fishermen health profile, of the Los Lagos Region. Methods: a quantitative study was developed through the application of a health survey to 92 craft fishermen, with an average age of 63. The variables under study were: age, weight, height, scholarship, personal pathological antecedents, hospital admissions, alcohol consumption, smoking habit, presence of tuberculosis, fasting glycemia and obesity or overweight. As instruments a socio-demographic survey, a questionnaire, preventive medical examination and periodical health assessment were applied. The variables were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistic and presented in tables of frequency. The descriptive statistic graphs calculated were media and standard deviation. For inferential analysis Squared Chi was applied. Results: the main results indicate that a 68 % presented overweight features and obesity, 41 % hypertension, 48 % smokes tobacco and 38 % reported alcohol consumption. Only 17 % declared to have physical activity three or more times a week and 42 % presented fasting glycemia values >100 mg/dl. Conclusion: data indicate the need of generating preventive actions, of promotion and timely of health pathologies to avoid them to become in direct or indirect causes of workers death.

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          Most cited references18

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          Risk factors for fishermen's health and safety in Greece.

          This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first occupational health study in Greek fishing.
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            Occupational health in the Andalusian Fisheries Sector.

            The conditions of work in the fisheries sector are arduous with high rates of occupational accidents. Numerous factors are known that can directly influence the health of the sailor or fisherman both in fishing and merchant fleets.
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              The tendency of diseases among seamen during the last fifteen years in Japan.

              Compared to workers on land, seamen working on the ocean are given only limited disease treatment. The aim of this paper is to clarify the actual condition of diseases among such seamen in an effort to improve measures that promote their health. We analyzed 51,641 cases of diseases that were reported to the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport from 1986 to 2000. The most prevalent diseases included disorders of the digestive system, followed by those of the musculoskeletal and the circulatory systems. The proportions of the three disease types were shown to vary by the type of work, ship, and occupation. One of the reasons for the variation in incidence between type of work and ship might result from differences in the voyage period in the given year. In explaining the varied incidences between occupations we hypothesize that differences in work systems and contents may be important variables to consider. It will be necessary to clarify the lifestyle and living environment of seamen to suggest appropriate measures for combating diseases prevalent in this population.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rf
                Revista Finlay
                Rev. Finlay
                Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos. Centro Provincial de información de Ciencias Médicas (Cienfuegos, , Cuba )
                2221-2434
                June 2017
                : 7
                : 2
                : 99-106
                Affiliations
                [01] Osorno Osorno orgnameUniversidad de Los Lagos orgdiv1Departamento de Salud Chile
                Article
                S2221-24342017000200005 S2221-2434(17)00700200005
                b10ba9f1-ba46-4a2d-9391-339aea17b2f7

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 November 2016
                : 05 February 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 18, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS ORIGINALES

                risk factors,occupational medicine,quality of life,health care,factores de riego,medicina del trabajo,calidad de vida,atención a la salud

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