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      Transactional sex among Nigerian university students: The role of family structure and family support

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      Journal: PLoS ONE
      Publisher: Public Library of Science

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          Abstract

          Background

          The reasons for the persistence of risky sexual behaviours among adolescents and young adults in sub-Saharan Africa despite the increasing knowledge about the associated risks continue to attract scholarly debates. Drawing from a cross-sectional study conducted among male and female Nigerian university students, we examined the relationship between family structure, family support and transactional sex.

          Methods

          A pre-validated questionnaire was administered to 800 male and female students selected using stratified sampling; however, we performed the analysis on 630 participants who had ever engaged in sex. Transactional sex was operationalised as self-reporting of giving or receiving money, gifts or favour in exchange for sex. We fitted a list-wise logistic regression model to examine the relationship between family structure, family support and transactional sex while controlling for essential covariates.

          Results

          Of the 630 participants included in the analysis, 17.9% had given and 23.8% had received money, gift or favour in exchange for sex. Our bivariate analysis shows that individuals from polygamous families had higher odds of reporting that they have ever given (AOR: 1.89; CI: 1.05–3.39) or received (AOR: 1.85; CI: 1.85–3.19) money, gift or favour in exchange for sex; however, the relationship was not statistically significant after controlling for relevant covariates. After controlling for essential covariates, the odds of giving or receiving money, gift or favour in exchange for sex was 56% lower in individuals who received adequate family support compared to those who received no or insufficient family support.

          Conclusion

          In conclusion, this paper lends support to the assertion that family structure and family support are protective factors against transactional sex among adolescents and young adults. Future surveys need to include a larger sample in order to explore the effect of single-parent and polygamous family on transactional sex in Nigeria where family formation is changing rapidly.

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          The Materiality of Everyday Sex: Thinking beyond 'prostitution'

          Mark Hunter (2002)
          Article 0 comments Cited 91 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Transactional sex and risk for HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

            Joyce Wamoyi, Kirsten Stobeanau, Natalia Bobrova … (2016)
            Introduction Young women aged 15 to 24 years in sub-Saharan Africa continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV. A growing number of studies have suggested that the practice of transactional sex may in part explain women's heightened risk, but evidence on the association between transactional sex and HIV has not yet been synthesized. We set out to systematically review studies that assess the relationship between transactional sex and HIV among men and women in sub-Saharan Africa and to summarize the findings through a meta-analysis. Methods The search strategy included 8 databases, hand searches in 10 journals, and searches across 17 websites and portals for organizations as informed by expert colleagues. A systematic review of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies was carried out for studies on women and men who engage in transactional sex published up through 2014. Random effects meta-analysis was used to further examine the relationship between transactional sex and prevalent HIV infection across a subset of studies with the same exposure period. Analyses were conducted separately for men and women. Results Nineteen papers from 16 studies met our inclusion criteria. Of these 16 studies, 14 provided data on women and 10 on men. We find a significant, positive, unadjusted or adjusted association between transactional sex and HIV in 10 of 14 studies for women, one of which used a longitudinal design (relative risk (RR)=2.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.22 –3.48). Out of 10 studies involving men, only 2 indicate a positive association between HIV and transactional sex in unadjusted or adjusted models. The meta-analysis confirmed general findings from the systematic review (unadjusted meta-analysis findings are significant for women (n=4; pooled odds ratio (OR)=1.54, 95% CI: 1.04–2.28; I 2=42.5%, p=0.156), but not for men (n=4; pooled OR=1.47, 95% CI: 0.85–2.56; I 2=50.8%, p=0.107). Conclusions Transactional sex is associated with HIV among women, whereas findings for men were inconclusive. Given that only two studies used a longitudinal approach, there remains a need for better measurement of the practice of transactional sex and additional longitudinal studies to establish the causal pathways between transactional sex and HIV.
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              Transactional sex amongst young people in rural northern Tanzania: an ethnography of young women's motivations and negotiation

              Joyce Wamoyi, Daniel Wight, Mary Plummer … (2010)
              Background Material exchange for sex (transactional sex) may be important to sexual relationships and health in certain cultures, yet the motivations for transactional sex, its scale and consequences are still little understood. The aim of this paper is to examine young women's motivations to exchange sex for gifts or money, the way in which they negotiate transactional sex throughout their relationships, and the implications of these negotiations for the HIV epidemic. Method An ethnographic research design was used, with information collected primarily using participant observation and in-depth interviews in a rural community in North Western Tanzania. The qualitative approach was complemented by an innovative assisted self-completion questionnaire. Findings Transactional sex underlay most non-marital relationships and was not, per se, perceived as immoral. However, women's motivations varied, for instance: escaping intense poverty, seeking beauty products or accumulating business capital. There was also strong pressure from peers to engage in transactional sex, in particular to consume like others and avoid ridicule for inadequate remuneration. Macro-level factors shaping transactional sex (e.g. economic, kinship and normative factors) overwhelmingly benefited men, but at a micro-level there were different dimensions of power, stemming from individual attributes and immediate circumstances, some of which benefited women. Young women actively used their sexuality as an economic resource, often entering into relationships primarily for economic gain. Conclusion Transactional sex is likely to increase the risk of HIV by providing a dynamic for partner change, making more affluent, higher risk men more desirable, and creating further barriers to condom use. Behavioural interventions should directly address how embedded transactional sex is in sexual culture.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Anthony Idowu Ajayi:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6004-3972
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Oluwaseyi Dolapo Somefun: Role: Data curationRole: MethodologyRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Andrew R. Dalby: Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Journal ID (pmc): plosone
                Title: PLoS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date (Electronic): 7 January 2019
                Publication date Collection: 2019
                Volume: 14
                Issue: 1
                Electronic Location Identifier: e0210349
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Sociology, University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa
                [2 ] Demography and Population Studies (DPS), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
                University of Westminster, UNITED KINGDOM
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6004-3972
                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-18-27794
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210349
                PMC ID: 6322791
                PubMed ID: 30615697
                SO-VID: b1acbefe-9f16-4832-8ba4-b1915ccf0873
                Copyright © © 2019 Ajayi, Somefun
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 25 September 2018
                Date accepted : 20 December 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 5, Pages: 17
                Funding
                This paper is not funded.
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: People and Places
                Subject: Population Groupings
                Subject: Age Groups
                Subject: Young Adults
                Subject: Social Sciences
                Subject: Sociology
                Subject: Human Families
                Subject: People and Places
                Subject: Population Groupings
                Subject: Age Groups
                Subject: Children
                Subject: Adolescents
                Subject: People and Places
                Subject: Population Groupings
                Subject: Families
                Subject: Children
                Subject: Adolescents
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Behavior
                Subject: Human Sexual Behavior
                Subject: Social Sciences
                Subject: Psychology
                Subject: Behavior
                Subject: Human Sexual Behavior
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Microbiology
                Subject: Medical Microbiology
                Subject: Microbial Pathogens
                Subject: Viral Pathogens
                Subject: Immunodeficiency Viruses
                Subject: HIV
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
                Subject: Pathogens
                Subject: Microbial Pathogens
                Subject: Viral Pathogens
                Subject: Immunodeficiency Viruses
                Subject: HIV
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Organisms
                Subject: Viruses
                Subject: Viral Pathogens
                Subject: Immunodeficiency Viruses
                Subject: HIV
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Organisms
                Subject: Viruses
                Subject: Immunodeficiency Viruses
                Subject: HIV
                Subject: Biology and life sciences
                Subject: Organisms
                Subject: Viruses
                Subject: RNA viruses
                Subject: Retroviruses
                Subject: Lentivirus
                Subject: HIV
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Microbiology
                Subject: Medical Microbiology
                Subject: Microbial Pathogens
                Subject: Viral Pathogens
                Subject: Retroviruses
                Subject: Lentivirus
                Subject: HIV
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
                Subject: Pathogens
                Subject: Microbial Pathogens
                Subject: Viral Pathogens
                Subject: Retroviruses
                Subject: Lentivirus
                Subject: HIV
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Organisms
                Subject: Viruses
                Subject: Viral Pathogens
                Subject: Retroviruses
                Subject: Lentivirus
                Subject: HIV
                Subject: People and Places
                Subject: Population Groupings
                Subject: Families
                Subject: Mothers
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Nutrition
                Subject: Diet
                Subject: Alcohol Consumption
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Nutrition
                Subject: Diet
                Subject: Alcohol Consumption
                Subject: Physical Sciences
                Subject: Chemistry
                Subject: Chemical Compounds
                Subject: Organic Compounds
                Subject: Alcohols
                Subject: Physical Sciences
                Subject: Chemistry
                Subject: Organic Chemistry
                Subject: Organic Compounds
                Subject: Alcohols
                Custom metadata
                Data Availability All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files.

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