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      Helminth communities of Xiphophorus malinche (Pisces: Poeciliidae), endemic freshwater fish from the Pánuco River, Hidalgo, Mexico Translated title: Comunidades de helmintos de Xiphophorus malinche (Pisces: Poeciliidae), especie dulceacuícola endémica del río Pánuco, Hidalgo, México

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          Abstract

          A total of 141 highland swordtails, Xiphophorus malinche, were collected from 2 localities in the Pánuco river drainage (Chicayotla and Malila) from Hidalgo, México. The parasite community structure of the 2 localities was examined and compared. Five taxa of helminths were recovered: 2 digeneans, adults of Paracreptotrema sp. and metacercariae of Uvulifer sp.; an adult monogenean, Urocleidoides vaginoclastrum; an adult cestode, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, and an adult nematode, Rhabdochona xiphophori. Among them, Ur. vaginoclastrum was the most frequent and abundant species. The remaining species were rare and found at low mean abundance. Only 2 species of helminth were found at both localities. The observed species richness, individual abundance, and diversity were low at component community and infracommunity levels. Abundance of helminths and fish standard length were correlated. Uvulifer sp. was more abundant in small fish, but Ur. vaginoclastrum showed the opposite pattern, high abundance in larger fish. Differences observed in this study can be attributed to abiotic and biotic environmental factors resulting from the geographic separation of these localities during to the orogeny of the Sierra Madre Oriental that restricted fish to isolated headwaters.

          Translated abstract

          Se compararon y examinaron las comunidades de helmintos de peces de Xiphophorus malinche de 2 localidades de la cuenca del río Pánuco (Chicayotla y Malila), Hidalgo, México. Se registraron 5 especies de helmintos: 2 digéneos, Paracreptotrema sp. y metacercarias de Uvulifer sp.; 1 especie de monogéneo adulto, Urocleidoides vaginoclastrum; 1 céstodo adulto, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, y 1 nemátodo adulto Rhabdochona xiphophori. La especie de monogéneo resultó ser la más frecuente y abundante en las comunidades. Las demás especies se encontraron en baja abundancia. Sólo 2 especies de helmintos fueron encontradas en ambas localidades. La riqueza de especies, la abundancia y la diversidad se analizaron tanto a nivel de componente de comunidad como de infracomunidad. La abundancia de helmintos y la longitud patrón de los peces están correlacionadas. Uvulifer sp. fué más abundante en peces pequeños, pero Ur. vaginoclastrum fue más abundante en peces de talla grande. Las diferencias observadas en este estudio pueden ser atribuidas a factores bióticos y abióticos resultado de la separación geográfica de las localidades durante la orogenia de la sierra Madre Oriental, que restringió a los peces a cuerpos de agua aislados.

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              Recurrent origin of a sexually selected trait in Xiphophorus fishes inferred from a molecular phylogeny.

              Darwin believed that sexual selection accounts for the evolution of exaggerated male ornaments, such as the sword-like caudal fin extensions of male fishes of the genus Xiphophorus, that appear detrimental to survival. Swordtails continue to feature prominently in empirical work and theories of sexual selection; the pre-existing bias hypothesis has been offered as an explanation for the evolution of swords in these fishes. Based upon a largely morphological phylogeny, this hypothesis suggests that female preference to mate with sworded males arose in ancestrally swordless species, thus pre-dating the origin of the sword itself and directly driving its evolution. Here we present a molecular phylogeny (based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences) of Xiphophorus which differs from the traditional one: it indicates that the sword originated and was lost repeatedly. Our phylogeny suggests that the ancestor of the genus is more likely to have possessed a sword than not, thus questioning the applicability of the pre-existing bias hypothesis as an explanation for the evolution of this sexually selected trait.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rmbiodiv
                Revista mexicana de biodiversidad
                Rev. Mex. Biodiv.
                Instituto de Biología (México )
                2007-8706
                2014
                : 85
                : 3
                : 838-844
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo México
                [2 ] Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero México
                Article
                S1870-34532014000400013
                10.7550/rmb.40560
                b1ff5925-63ba-4b1c-b0c6-2d71b00918c4

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Categories
                Biodiversity Conservation

                Animal science & Zoology
                component community,infracommunity,Sierra Madre Oriental,prevalence,abundance,diversity,componente de comunidad,infracomunidad,sierra Madre Oriental,prevalencia,abundancia,diversidad

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