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      Facile synthesis of Fe–baicalein nanoparticles for photothermal/chemodynamic therapy with accelerated Fe III/Fe II conversion

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          Abstract

          Fe 2+–baicalein–polyethylene glycol (Fe–BaP) nanoparticles were synthesized by a room temperature wet chemical method via coordination between Fe 2+ and baicalein.

          Abstract

          Fe 2+–baicalein–polyethylene glycol (Fe–BaP) nanoparticles were synthesized by a room temperature wet chemical method via coordination between Fe 2+ and baicalein. Fe–BaP possessed high photothermal conversion efficiency ( η = 45.6%) and excellent antitumor efficacy was achieved with the synergistic photothermal/chemodynamic tumor therapy.

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          Nanocarriers as an emerging platform for cancer therapy.

          Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize cancer diagnosis and therapy. Advances in protein engineering and materials science have contributed to novel nanoscale targeting approaches that may bring new hope to cancer patients. Several therapeutic nanocarriers have been approved for clinical use. However, to date, there are only a few clinically approved nanocarriers that incorporate molecules to selectively bind and target cancer cells. This review examines some of the approved formulations and discusses the challenges in translating basic research to the clinic. We detail the arsenal of nanocarriers and molecules available for selective tumour targeting, and emphasize the challenges in cancer treatment.
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            Cancer is a Preventable Disease that Requires Major Lifestyle Changes

            This year, more than 1 million Americans and more than 10 million people worldwide are expected to be diagnosed with cancer, a disease commonly believed to be preventable. Only 5–10% of all cancer cases can be attributed to genetic defects, whereas the remaining 90–95% have their roots in the environment and lifestyle. The lifestyle factors include cigarette smoking, diet (fried foods, red meat), alcohol, sun exposure, environmental pollutants, infections, stress, obesity, and physical inactivity. The evidence indicates that of all cancer-related deaths, almost 25–30% are due to tobacco, as many as 30–35% are linked to diet, about 15–20% are due to infections, and the remaining percentage are due to other factors like radiation, stress, physical activity, environmental pollutants etc. Therefore, cancer prevention requires smoking cessation, increased ingestion of fruits and vegetables, moderate use of alcohol, caloric restriction, exercise, avoidance of direct exposure to sunlight, minimal meat consumption, use of whole grains, use of vaccinations, and regular check-ups. In this review, we present evidence that inflammation is the link between the agents/factors that cause cancer and the agents that prevent it. In addition, we provide evidence that cancer is a preventable disease that requires major lifestyle changes.
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              An ATP-Responsive Autocatalytic Fenton Nanoparticle for Tumor Ablation with Self-Supplied H2O2 and Acceleration of Fe(III)/Fe(II) Conversion

              Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) can efficiently destroy tumor cells via Fenton reaction in the presence of H2O2 and a robust catalyst. However, it has faced severe challenges including the limited amounts of H2O2 and inefficiency of catalysts. Here, an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-responsive autocatalytic Fenton nanosystem (GOx@ZIF@MPN), incorporated with glucose oxidase (GOx) in zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) and then coated with metal polyphenol network (MPN), was designed and synthesized for tumor ablation with self-supplied H2O2 and TA-mediated acceleration of Fe(III)/Fe(II) conversion. In the ATP-overexpressed tumor cells, the outer shell MPN of GOx@ZIF@MPN was degraded into Fe(III) and tannic acid (TA) and the internal GOx was exposed. Then, GOx reacted with the endogenous glucose to produce plenty of H2O2, and TA reduced Fe(III) to Fe(II), which is a much more vigorous catalyst for the Fenton reaction. Subsequently, self-produced H2O2 was catalyzed by Fe(II) to generate highly toxic hydroxyl radical (•OH) and Fe(III). The produced Fe(III) with low catalytic activity was quickly reduced to reactive Fe(II) mediated by TA, forming an accelerated Fe(III)/Fe(II) conversion to guarantee efficient Fenton reaction-mediated CDT. This autocatalytic Fenton nanosystem might provide a good paradigm for effective tumor treatment.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                JMCBDV
                Journal of Materials Chemistry B
                J. Mater. Chem. B
                Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                2050-750X
                2050-7518
                April 21 2021
                2021
                : 9
                : 15
                : 3295-3299
                Affiliations
                [1 ]State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization
                [2 ]Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
                [3 ]Chinese Academy of Science
                [4 ]Changchun 130022
                [5 ]P. R. China
                Article
                10.1039/D1TB00200G
                33881434
                b35839df-bae9-40e9-9f77-e26a27b67cb3
                © 2021

                http://rsc.li/journals-terms-of-use

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