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      Effects of Hypoxia on Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review Translated title: Efeitos da Hipóxia na Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíaca em Indivíduos Saudáveis: Uma Revisão Sistemática

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          Abstract

          Abstract Background: Hypoxia is a physiological condition that may affect the cardiac autonomic modulation, which can be assessed by spontaneous fluctuations in heart rate, know as heart rate variability (HRV). Studies have reported reductions or maintenance of HRV in hypoxic situation presenting controversial effects. There is a knowledge gap in relation to changes in HRV during hypoxia. Objective: The aim of this study was to systematically review the effects of hypoxia on HRV in unacclimatized healthy adults at rest. Methods: This systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Search terms used in MEDLINE, SCOPUS, LILACS and EUROPE PMC database were: "heart rate variability" OR "cardiac autonomic modulation" OR "cardiac autonomic regulation" AND NOT intermittent NOT sleep (hypoxia OR altitude). Records were filtered by species, age group and language. Results: At the end of the screening and eligibility, 13 manuscripts remained for qualitative synthesis. Discussion: The studies used different experimental protocols involving difference in barometric pressure, oxygen level, time of exposure to hypoxia and control of respiratory rate. Possibly the influence of these factors and also the interindividual variation to hypoxia may justify different responses in HRV. Conclusion: Based on the investigated studies, hypoxia has been capable of generating a decrease in HRV, either by reduction or maintenance of vagal modulation, or by sympathetic predominance or even the combination of these responses in healthy adults unacclimatized to hypoxia. This effect appears to be dependent on altitude level and barometric pressure. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2017;30(3):251-261)

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Fundamento: A hipóxia é uma condição fisiológica que pode influenciar a modulação autonômica cardíaca, qualpode ser avaliada pelas flutuações espontâneas da frequência cardíaca, chamada de variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC). Estudos têm reportado reduções ou manutenção da VFC em situação de hipóxia apresentando efeitos controversos. Há uma lacuna no conhecimento em relação às modificações da VFC durante a hipóxia. Objetivo: Revisar sistematicamente estudos que investigaram os efeitos da hipóxia na VFC em adultos saudáveis e não aclimatados durante o repouso. Métodos: A presente revisão sistemática foi realizada a partir da diretriz PRISMA. Os termos utilizados para a busca nas bases MEDLINE, SCOPUS, LILACS e EUROPE PMC foram: "heart rate variability" OR "cardiac autonomic modulation" OR "cardiac autonomic regulation" AND (hypoxia OR altitude) NOT intermitente NOT sleep. Os registros foram filtrados por espécie, idade e idiomas. Resultados: Ao final da triagem e elegibilidade restaram 13 artigos para a síntese qualitativa. Discussão: Os estudos utilizam protocolos experimentais variados que envolvem diferença na pressão barométrica, no nível de oxigênio, no tempo de exposição à hipóxia e no controle da frequência respiratória. Possivelmente a influência desses fatores e também a variação interindividual à hipóxia podem justificar diferentes respostas na VFC. Conclusão: A partir dos estudos investigados, a hipóxia foi capaz de gerar uma queda na VFC, seja por retirada ou manutenção da modulação vagal, ou por predomínio simpático ou mesmo pela combinação dessas respostas em adultos saudáveis não aclimatados a hipóxia. Este efeito parece ser dependente do nível de altitude e da pressão barométrica. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2017;30(3):251-261)

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          Most cited references35

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          Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement.

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            Impact of Reduced Heart Rate Variability on Risk for Cardiac Events: The Framingham Heart Study

            Although heart rate variability (HRV) is altered in a variety of pathological conditions, the association of reduced HRV with risk for new cardiac events has not been studied in a large community-based population. The first 2 hours of ambulatory ECG recordings obtained on subjects of the Framingham Heart Study who were free of clinically apparent coronary heart disease or congestive heart failure were reprocessed to assess HRV. Five frequency-domain measures and three time-domain measures were obtained. The associations between HRV measures and the incidence of new cardiac events (angina pectroris, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease death, or congestive heart failure) were assessed with proportional hazards regression analyses. There were 2501 eligible subjects with a mean age of 53 years. During a mean follow-up of 3.5 years, cardiac events occurred in 58 subjects. After adjustment for age, sex, cigarette smoking, diabetes, left ventricular hypertrophy, and other relevant risk factors, all HRV measures except the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency power were significantly associated with risk for a cardiac event (P = .0016 to .0496). A one-standard deviation decrement in the standard deviation of total normal RR intervals (natural log transformed) was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.47 for new cardiac events (95% confidence interval of 1.16 to 1.86). The estimation of HRV by ambulatory monitoring offers prognostic information beyond that provided by the evaluation of traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors.
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              Power spectrum analysis of heart rate fluctuation: a quantitative probe of beat-to-beat cardiovascular control

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ijcs
                International Journal of Cardiovascular Sciences
                Int. J. Cardiovasc. Sci.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                2359-4802
                2359-5647
                June 2017
                : 30
                : 3
                : 251-261
                Affiliations
                [1] Rio de Janeiro orgnameUniversidade Federal Fluminense orgdiv1Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício Experimental e Aplicada Brazil
                [3] Niterói Rio de Janeiro orgnameUniversidade Federal Fluminense orgdiv1Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia orgdiv2Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biomédicas Brazil
                [2] Rio de Janeiro orgnameUniversidade Federal Fluminense orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina orgdiv2Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Cardiovasculares Brazil
                Article
                S2359-56472017000300251
                10.5935/2359-4802.20170035
                b3c94521-c047-439d-b5bc-787ba7b7e5d2

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 30 August 2016
                : 27 February 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 36, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Review Articles

                Atmospheric Pressure,Frequência Cardíaca,Hipóxia,Altitude,Pressão Atmosférica,Sistema Nervoso Autônomo,Revisão,Heart Rate,Autonomic Nervous System,Review

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