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      Adaptive Comanagement of a Marine Protected Area Network in Fiji

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          Abstract

          Abstract

          Adaptive management of natural resources is an iterative process of decision making whereby management strategies are progressively changed or adjusted in response to new information. Despite an increasing focus on the need for adaptive conservation strategies, there remain few applied examples. We describe the 9-year process of adaptive comanagement of a marine protected area network in Kubulau District, Fiji. In 2011, a review of protected area boundaries and management rules was motivated by the need to enhance management effectiveness and the desire to improve resilience to climate change. Through a series of consultations, with the Wildlife Conservation Society providing scientific input to community decision making, the network of marine protected areas was reconfigured so as to maximize resilience and compliance. Factors identified as contributing to this outcome include well-defined resource-access rights; community respect for a flexible system of customary governance; long-term commitment and presence of comanagement partners; supportive policy environment for comanagement; synthesis of traditional management approaches with systematic monitoring; and district-wide coordination, which provided a broader spatial context for adaptive-management decision making.

          Co-Manejo Adaptativo de una Red de Áreas Marinas Protegidas en Fiyi

          Resumen

          El manejo adaptativo de los recursos naturales es un proceso interactivo de toma de decisiones donde las estrategias de manejo son cambiadas progresivamente o ajustadas en respuesta a información nueva. A pesar del incremento en el interés por la necesidad de estrategias de conservación adaptativa, todavía hay pocos ejemplos de su aplicación. Describimos el proceso de 9 años de co-manejo adaptativo de una red de áreas marinas protegidas en el Distrito Kubulau, Fiyi. En 2011, la necesidad de mejorar la efectividad del manejo y el deseo de mejorar la resistencia al cambio climático motivó a realizar una revisión de los límites del área protegida y las reglas de manejo. A través de una serie de consultas, con la Sociedad de Conservación de Vida Silvestre proporcionando entradas a la toma de decisiones comunitarias, la red de áreas marinas protegidas se reconfiguró para maximizar la resistencia y la conformidad. Los factores que se identificaron como contribuyentes para este resultado incluyen: derechos de acceso a recursos bien definidos, respeto comunitario hacia un sistema flexible de gobernanza común, compromiso a largo plazo y presencia de compañeros de co-manejo, una política ambiental que apoye el co-manejo, una síntesis de los acercamientos de manejo tradicional con monitoreo sistemático y una coordinación a lo largo del distrito, que proporcionó un contexto espacial más amplio para la toma de decisiones en el manejo adaptativo.

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          Most cited references43

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          Adaptive comanagement for building resilience in social-ecological systems.

          Ecosystems are complex adaptive systems that require flexible governance with the ability to respond to environmental feedback. We present, through examples from Sweden and Canada, the development of adaptive comanagement systems, showing how local groups self-organize, learn, and actively adapt to and shape change with social networks that connect institutions and organizations across levels and scales and that facilitate information flows. The development took place through a sequence of responses to environmental events that widened the scope of local management from a particular issue or resource to a broad set of issues related to ecosystem processes across scales and from individual actors, to group of actors to multiple-actor processes. The results suggest that the institutional and organizational landscapes should be approached as carefully as the ecological in order to clarify features that contribute to the resilience of social-ecological systems. These include the following: vision, leadership, and trust; enabling legislation that creates social space for ecosystem management; funds for responding to environmental change and for remedial action; capacity for monitoring and responding to environmental feedback; information flow through social networks; the combination of various sources of information and knowledge; and sense-making and arenas of collaborative learning for ecosystem management. We propose that the self-organizing process of adaptive comanagement development, facilitated by rules and incentives of higher levels, has the potential to expand desirable stability domains of a region and make social-ecological systems more robust to change.
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            Adaptive co-management for social–ecological complexity

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              The Renaissance of Community-Based Marine Resource Management in Oceania

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Conserv Biol
                Conserv. Biol
                cobi
                Conservation Biology
                BlackWell Publishing Ltd (Oxford, UK )
                0888-8892
                1523-1739
                January 2014
                01 January 2014
                : 27
                : 6
                : 1234-1244
                Affiliations
                [* ]Wildlife Conservation Society Fiji Country Program 11 Ma'afu Street, Suva, Fiji
                []Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
                Author notes
                Article
                10.1111/cobi.12153
                4232917
                24112643
                b5429d1d-4131-42ff-a7da-2bc2bd6a97a5
                © 2013 The Authors. Conservation Biology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc., on behalf of the Society for Conservation Biology.

                This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

                History
                : 22 August 2012
                : 26 May 2013
                Categories
                Conservation Practice and Policy

                Ecology
                adaptive management,community-based conservation,conservation planning,coral reefs,customary management,fiji,marine protected areas,resilience,áreas marinas protegidas,arrecifes de coral,conservación basada en la comunidad,fiyi,manejo adaptativo,manejo común,planificación de la conservación,resistencia

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