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      Efecto de bacterias promotoras de crecimiento vegetal (PGPR) asociadas a Pennisetum clandestinum en el altiplano cundiboyacense Translated title: Effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) associated to Pennisetum clandestinum in the altiplano cundiboyacense

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          Abstract

          Pennisetum clandestinum (kikuyo) es una pastura común en los sistemas silvopastoriles del altiplano cundiboyacense, con altas propiedades nutritivas. Por tanto estudios que permitan mejorar el proceso de producción en términos económicos y ambientales reviste gran importancia. En este estudio se evaluó el papel de la inoculación con bacterias promotoras de crecimiento vegetal (PGPR) sobre el crecimiento de pasto kikuyo. Las cepas 4K y 5B fueron identificadas mediante amplificación y análisis del 16S rADN, como Stenotrophomona ssp. y Pseudomona ssp., respectivamente, caracterizadas por su eficiencia in vitro en la fijación biológica de nitrógeno, producción de compuestos indólicos y solubilización de fosfatos. Se evaluaron las cepas en condiciones de invernadero en tres tiempos de crecimiento de la planta (70, 100 y 130 días). Se evidenció que la cepa 4K incrementó el peso seco radicular de la planta en 50% a los 70 y 100 días, mientras que la cepa 5B mostró un comportamiento similar en el peso seco aéreo y radicular con aumentos de hasta el 50% a los 130 d. El efecto más importante se presentó después de 100 d donde los tratamientos TQ, TB1 y TB2, superaron en más del 80% al testigo absoluto en el peso fresco de la parte aérea. Estos resultados demostraron que la inoculación de PGPR representa una alternativa biotecnológica para promover el crecimiento de P. clandestinum, con efectos relevantes en producción de biomasa 100 días después de la siembra (dds).

          Translated abstract

          Pennisetum clandestinum (kikuyo) is a common pasture in the altiplano cundiboyacense silvopastoral systems, which possesses high nutritional value. Therefore, studies to improve the production process in both economic and environmental terms are very important. The role of inoculation with plant growth- promoting bacteria was evaluated on the growth of kikuyu grass. The 4K and 5B strains were identified, through amplification and analysis of their 16S rDNA, as members of the Stenotrophomonas and Pseudomonas genera, respectively. They were characterized in vitro for their efficiency of biological nitrogen fixation, production of indole compounds, and phosphate solubilization. Four treatments were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Furthermore, the biomass was evaluated at different stages of the plant (70, 100 and 130 days). The 4K strain demonstrated a root dry weight that increased by 50% at 70 and 100 days and the 5B strain showed a statistically significant behavior for plant and root dry weight with an increase of 50% at 130 days. The most important effect was presented after 100 d where treatments, TQ, TB1 and TB2, exceeded more 80% to absolute control in the fresh weight of the air. These results showed that inoculation with PGPR represents a biotechnological alternative to promote growth of P. clandestinum, as we observed relevant effects on biomass production 100 days after planting.

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          Basic local alignment search tool.

          A new approach to rapid sequence comparison, basic local alignment search tool (BLAST), directly approximates alignments that optimize a measure of local similarity, the maximal segment pair (MSP) score. Recent mathematical results on the stochastic properties of MSP scores allow an analysis of the performance of this method as well as the statistical significance of alignments it generates. The basic algorithm is simple and robust; it can be implemented in a number of ways and applied in a variety of contexts including straightforward DNA and protein sequence database searches, motif searches, gene identification searches, and in the analysis of multiple regions of similarity in long DNA sequences. In addition to its flexibility and tractability to mathematical analysis, BLAST is an order of magnitude faster than existing sequence comparison tools of comparable sensitivity.
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            Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria.

            Several microbes promote plant growth, and many microbial products that stimulate plant growth have been marketed. In this review we restrict ourselves to bacteria that are derived from and exert this effect on the root. Such bacteria are generally designated as PGPR (plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria). The beneficial effects of these rhizobacteria on plant growth can be direct or indirect. This review begins with describing the conditions under which bacteria live in the rhizosphere. To exert their beneficial effects, bacteria usually must colonize the root surface efficiently. Therefore, bacterial traits required for root colonization are subsequently described. Finally, several mechanisms by which microbes can act beneficially on plant growth are described. Examples of direct plant growth promotion that are discussed include (a) biofertilization, (b) stimulation of root growth, (c) rhizoremediation, and (d) plant stress control. Mechanisms of biological control by which rhizobacteria can promote plant growth indirectly, i.e., by reducing the level of disease, include antibiosis, induction of systemic resistance, and competition for nutrients and niches.
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              Plant-microbe interactions promoting plant growth and health: perspectives for controlled use of microorganisms in agriculture.

              Plant-associated microorganisms fulfill important functions for plant growth and health. Direct plant growth promotion by microbes is based on improved nutrient acquisition and hormonal stimulation. Diverse mechanisms are involved in the suppression of plant pathogens, which is often indirectly connected with plant growth. Whereas members of the bacterial genera Azospirillum and Rhizobium are well-studied examples for plant growth promotion, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Stenotrophomonas, and Streptomyces and the fungal genera Ampelomyces, Coniothyrium, and Trichoderma are model organisms to demonstrate influence on plant health. Based on these beneficial plant-microbe interactions, it is possible to develop microbial inoculants for use in agricultural biotechnology. Dependent on their mode of action and effects, these products can be used as biofertilizers, plant strengtheners, phytostimulators, and biopesticides. There is a strong growing market for microbial inoculants worldwide with an annual growth rate of approximately 10%. The use of genomic technologies leads to products with more predictable and consistent effects. The future success of the biological control industry will benefit from interdisciplinary research, e.g., on mass production, formulation, interactions, and signaling with the environment, as well as on innovative business management, product marketing, and education. Altogether, the use of microorganisms and the exploitation of beneficial plant-microbe interactions offer promising and environmentally friendly strategies for conventional and organic agriculture worldwide.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ccta
                Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria
                Cienc. Tecnol. Agropecuaria
                Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - Corpoica (Mosquera, Cundinamarca, Colombia )
                0122-8706
                2500-5308
                December 2012
                : 13
                : 2
                : 189-195
                Affiliations
                [01] Mosquera orgnameCorporación de Investigación Agropecuaria (Corpoica) orgdiv1Centro de Investigación Tibaitatá Colombia pcriollo@ 123456corpoica.org.co
                Article
                S0122-87062012000200009 S0122-8706(12)01300209
                b641f2a3-9f35-400a-ad03-5574eb660036

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 02 March 2012
                : 22 October 2012
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 43, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Microbiología de suelos

                solubilización de fosfato,compuestos indólicos,fijación biológica de nitrógeno,gramíneas,sistemas silvopastoriles,phosphate solubilization,indolic compounds,biological nitrogen fixation,grasses,silvopastoral system

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