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      Preparation of Magnetic CuFe 2O 4@Ag@ZIF-8 Nanocomposites with Highly Catalytic Activity Based on Cellulose Nanocrystals

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          Abstract

          A facile approach was successfully developed for synthesis of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)-supported magnetic CuFe 2O 4@Ag@ZIF-8 nanospheres which consist of a paramagnetic CuFe 2O 4@Ag core and porous ZIF-8 shell. The CuFe 2O 4 nanoparticles (NPs) were first prepared in the presence of CNC and dispersant. Ag NPs were then deposited on the CuFe 2O 4/CNC composites via an in situ reduction directed by dopamine polymerization (PDA). The CuFe 2O 4/CNC@Ag@ZIF-8 nanocomposite was characterized by TEM, FTIR, XRD, N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, VSM, and XPS. Catalytic studies showed that the CuFe 2O 4/CNC@Ag@ZIF-8 catalyst had much higher catalytic activity than CuFe 2O 4@Ag catalyst with the rate constant of 0.64 min −1. Because of the integration of ZIF-8 with CuFe 2O 4/CNC@Ag that combines the advantaged of each component, the nanocomposites were demonstrated to have an enhanced catalytic activity in heterogeneous catalysis. Therefore, these results demonstrate a new method for the fabrication of CNC-supported magnetic core-shell catalysts, which display great potential for application in biocatalysis and environmental chemistry.

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          Most cited references55

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          Synergistic catalysis of Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles stabilized on metal-organic framework.

          For the first time, this work presents Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized on a metal-organic framework (MOF) by a sequential deposition-reduction method. The small-size Au@Ag NPs reveal the restriction effects of the pore/surface structure in the MOF. The modulation of the Au/Ag ratio can tune the composition and a reversed Au/Ag deposition sequence changes the structure of Au-Ag NPs, while a posttreatment process transforms the core-shell NPs to a AuAg alloy. Catalytic studies show a strong bimetallic synergistic effect of core-shell structured Au@Ag NPs, which have much higher catalytic activities than alloy and monometallic NPs.
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            Nano-magnetite (Fe3O4) as a support for recyclable catalysts in the development of sustainable methodologies.

            Surface functionalization of nano-magnetic nanoparticles is a well-designed way to bridge the gap between heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis. The introduction of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in a variety of solid matrices allows the combination of well-known procedures for catalyst heterogenization with techniques for magnetic separation. Magnetite is a well-known material, also known as ferrite (Fe3O4), and can be used as a versatile support for functionalization of metals, organocatalysts, N-heterocyclic carbenes, and chiral catalysts. It is used as a support for important homogeneous catalytically active metals such as Pd, Pt, Cu, Ni, Co, Ir, etc. to obtain stable and magnetically recyclable heterogeneous catalysts. Homogeneous organocatalysts can be successfully decorated with linkers/ligands on the surface of magnetite or alternatively the organocatalysts can be directly immobilized on the surface of magnetite. The functionalized magnetically retrievable catalysts or nanocatalysts that are increasingly being used in catalysis, green chemistry and pharmaceutically significant reactions are summarized in this review.
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              Spatial confinement of a Co3O4 catalyst in hollow metal-organic frameworks as a nanoreactor for improved degradation of organic pollutants.

              We here first proposed a yolk-shell Co3O4@metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) nanoreactor via a facile method to accommodate sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs) into its interior cavity. The mesoporous and adsorptive MOFs shells allow the rapid diffusion of reactant molecules to the encapsulated Co3O4 active sites, and the confined high instantaneous concentration of reactants in the local void space is anticipated to facilitate the SR-AOPs. As a proof of concept, the nanoreactor was fully characterized and applied for catalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) in the presence of peroxymonosulfate (PMS). The enhancement of SR-AOPs in the nanoreactor is demonstrated by the result that degradation efficiency of 4-CP reached almost 100% within 60 min by using the yolk-shell Co3O4@MOFs catalysts as compared to only 59.6% under the same conditions for bare Co3O4 NPs. Furthermore, the applicability of this nanoreactor used in SR-AOPs was systematically investigated in terms of effect of reaction parameters and identification of intermediates and primary radical as well as mineralization of the reaction and stability of the composite. The findings of this study elucidated a new opportunity for improved environmental remediation.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Academic Editor
                Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Molecules
                Molecules
                molecules
                Molecules
                MDPI
                1420-3049
                28 December 2019
                January 2020
                : 25
                : 1
                : 124
                Affiliations
                [1 ]College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Papermaking Technology and Specialty Paper Development, Key Laboratory of Paper Based Functional Materials of China National Light Industry, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Xi’an 710021, China; zgyczbzgs@ 123456126.com (Y.X.); 15991346475@ 123456163.com (D.Z.); cwq1801075@ 123456163.com (W.C.); lihao120733@ 123456163.com (H.L.); houchen@ 123456sust.edu.cn (C.H.)
                [2 ]Tianjin China Banknote Paper Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300385, China
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: zhangsufeng@ 123456sust.edu.cn ; Tel.: +86-15091096432
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7109-0355
                Article
                molecules-25-00124
                10.3390/molecules25010124
                6982921
                31905655
                b6a4ba73-fb59-448e-a2ac-3fc84b3c7c85
                © 2019 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 23 November 2019
                : 18 December 2019
                Categories
                Article

                cufe2o4 nanoparticles,cellulose nanocrystals,ag nanoparticles,zif-8 catalysis,4-nitrophenol reduction

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