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      Resultados del tratamiento con revascularización distal y ligadura intermedia, de la isquemia de mano después de acceso vascular para hemodiálisis Translated title: Distal revascularization-interval ligation for ischemic steal syndrome after hemodialysis access. Experience in 23 patients

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          Abstract

          Objetivo: Investigar la efectividad de la técnica de revascularización distal y ligadura intermedia (RDLI) en aliviar la isquemia y preservar el acceso arteriovenoso. Material y Métodos: Una revisión retrospectiva de fichas clínicas (1990-2010), identificó 26 pacientes con robo. Se excluyen 3, que se sometieron a ligadura del acceso; 23 fueron tratados con RDLI. Se obtuvo información demográfica, comorbilidades, antecedentes del acceso, morbimortalidad y respuesta al tratamiento. Resultados: De los 23 pacientes, 13 eran mujeres y 10 hombres, con edad promedio de 59 años (24-79 años). Catorce (61%) eran diabéticos y quince (65%) hipertensos. Todos con acceso en pliegue del codo, 20 con vena y 3 protésicos. La latencia en aparición del robo ocurrió antes de 12 meses, en 14 pacientes (78%); con rango desde horas a 6,5 años. La revascularización se realizó en tiempo variable entre 1 día y 13 meses; sólo 8 pacientes antes de los 30 días. El 74% de los pacientes (17), tuvo mejoría sustancial o completa de manifestaciones isquémicas, cicatrizando úlceras y amputaciones digitales. Tres fallecieron precozmente; en 2 pacientes, persistió el dolor, requiriendo banding del acceso, que finalmente se trombosó; un paciente debió ser amputado del antebrazo distal, pese a revascularización, al no ceder cuadro infeccioso. La mortalidad operatoria fue de 13%, correspondiendo a 3 pacientes muy deteriorados con isquemia severa. La mortalidad tardía fue de 56,5% (13 pacientes). El tiempo promedio de uso del acceso fue de 2 años, post revascularización. Conclusión: La RDLI es el procedimiento de elección en el tratamiento del robo, ya que elimina efectivamente la isquemia y mantiene en uso el acceso. Los pacientes con robo, especialmente diabéticos, representan un grupo de alto riesgo y mortalidad.

          Translated abstract

          Background: The creation of vascular accesses for hemodialysis can cause distal ischemia and steal syndromes. Aim: To assess the effectiveness of the technique of distal revascularization-interval ligation to alleviate distal ischemia and preserve vascular access. Material and Methods: Retrospective review of medical records, identifying 23 patients (13 women, aged between 24 and 79 years), with distal ischemia secondary to a vascular access for hemodialysis, that were treated with distal revascularization-interval liga-tion. Patient characteristics and outcome of the surgical procedure were recorded. Results: Fourteen patients were diabetic and 15 had high blood pressure. All had the vascular access in the elbow, 20 were done with vein and three were prosthetic. Steal appeared in a lapse ranging from hours to six years after performing the procedure. In 14 patients it appeared before 12 months. Revascularization was performed between 1 day and three months after the appearance of the steal syndrome. Seventeen patients (74%) had a substantial relief of ischemic symptoms, with healing of ulcers and digital amputations. Three patients died soon after the procedure (13%). In two the pain persisted, requiring a banding of the access, that finally became thrombosed. One patient required a distal forearm amputation. Thirteen patients (56%) had a late death after the procedure. After revascularization, the vascular accesses were used for a mean of two years. Conclusions: Revascularization-interval ligation relieves distal ischemia and maintains the patency of the vascular access for hemodialysis. Patients with steal syndrome secondary to vascular access are of high risk.

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          Treatment of ischemia due to "steal" by arteriovenous fistula with distal artery ligation and revascularization.

          Three cases are described of upper extremity ischemia occurring after the creation of fistulas (AVFs) (one case) and bridge AVFs (two cases) for hemodialysis access. All three cases were successfully treated with ligation of the artery immediately distal to the origin of the AVF in conjunction with a reversed saphenous vein bypass. The latter was constructed from the artery proximal to the origin of the fistula to the artery distal to the site of ligation. Preoperative and postoperative hemodynamic measurements and complete disappearance of symptoms indicated that this procedure corrected the ischemic steal phenomenon. Angioaccess function was not affected in these three cases, thereby allowing continuation of its use immediately after corrective surgery and for follow-up periods of 1 month, 6 months, and 8 years.
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            Distal revascularization-interval ligation: A durable and effective treatment for ischemic steal syndrome after hemodialysis access

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              Treatment of angioaccess-induced ischemia by revascularization.

              Upper extremity ischemia related to the construction of a chronic angioaccess is a serious and occasionally devastating complication. Fourteen patients with end-stage renal disease (mean age 58 +/- 18 years, 13 with diabetes, 10 female) had ischemia after construction of an angioaccess. Twelve patients had a polytetrafluoroethylene brachioaxillary bridge arteriovenous fistula (BAVF), one patient had a radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and one patient had a brachiocephalic AVF. All patients had severe ischemia and five of them had established gangrenous changes. Symptoms appeared immediately after construction of the access in 10 patients. The remaining four patients had late onset of ischemia. The technique used for revascularization in all of these patients consisted of ligating the artery just distal to the takeoff of the AVF or BAVF and establishing an arterial bypass from a point proximal to the AVF or BAVF inflow to a point distal to the ligature. Bypass grafts consisted of saphenous vein in 13 cases and polytetrafluoroethylene in one case. Thirteen patients had a complete recovery, including healing of gangrenous lesions. One patient with severe gangrene of the hand at the time of revascularization required forearm amputation 13 months later because of progressive occlusive arterial disease. All AVFs were patent at 1 year. The 1-year patency rate for the BAVFs was 81.7%. All arterial bypasses were patent at 1 year. It is concluded that this technique offers consistent and durable hemodynamic and clinical improvement in arms affected by access-induced ischemia, with minimal morbidity, and does not affect the longevity of the angioaccess.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rchcir
                Revista chilena de cirugía
                Rev Chil Cir
                Sociedad de Cirujanos de Chile (Santiago, , Chile )
                0718-4026
                June 2012
                : 64
                : 3
                : 245-250
                Affiliations
                [01] Puerto Montt orgnameHospital de Puerto Montt orgdiv1Servicio de Cirugía Chile
                Article
                S0718-40262012000300005 S0718-4026(12)06400300005
                10.4067/S0718-40262012000300005
                b8617a57-052b-42d9-bd5c-9f7d92a53aff

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 03 August 2011
                : 19 December 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 14, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN

                Robo,hemodialysis,Steal syndrome,vascular access,acceso vascular,revascularización distal

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