Effects of abdominal hollowing and abdominal bracing during side-lying hip abduction on the lateral rotation and muscle activity of the pelvis

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Abstract

It is important that compensatory lateral movement of the pelvis does not occur during side-lying hip abduction (SHA). The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of abdominal hollowing and abdominal bracing during SHA on pelvic lateral rotation (PLR) and the electromyography activity of the gluteus medius, quadratus lumborum (QL), external oblique abdominis (EO) and internal oblique abdominis (IO). A total of 22 healthy male adults participated in the study. The subjects performed three conditions in side-lying in random order: SHA with abdominal hollowing (SHA-AH), SHA with abdominal bracing (SHA-AB), and SHA without any condition (SHA-WC). The angle of PLR in SHA-AB was significantly lower compared to SHA-AH and SHA-WC, and angle of PLR in SHA-AH was significantly lower than that in SHA-WC. The muscle activity of the QL was significantly greater for SHA-AB compared to SHA-AH and SHA-WC. The muscle activity of the EO was significantly greater for SHA-AB compared to SHA-AH and SHA-WC. And the muscle activity of the EO for SHA-AH was significantly greater than that for SHA-WC. The muscle activity of the IO was significantly greater for SHA-AH and SHA-AB compared to SHA-WC. Based on these results, we suggest that abdominal bracing increases the muscle activity of QL, EO, and IO, and decreases the angle of PLR compare to abdominal hollowing during SHA.

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Inefficient muscular stabilization of the lumbar spine associated with low back pain. A motor control evaluation of transversus abdominis.

P Hodges, C A Richardson (1996)

The contribution of transversus abdominis to spinal stabilization was evaluated indirectly in people with and without low back pain using an experimental model identifying the coordination of trunk muscles in response to a disturbances to the spine produced by arm movement. To evaluate the temporal sequence of trunk muscle activity associated with arm movement, and to determine if dysfunction of this parameter was present in patients with low back pain. Few studies have evaluated the motor control of trunk muscles or the potential for dysfunction of this system in patients with low back pain. Evaluation of the response of trunk muscles to limb movement provides a suitable model to evaluate this system. Recent evidence indicates that this evaluation should include transversus abdominis. While standing, 15 patients with low back pain and 15 matched control subjects performed rapid shoulder flexion, abduction, and extension in response to a visual stimulus. Electromyographic activity of the abdominal muscles, lumbar multifidus, and the surface electrodes. Movement in each direction resulted in contraction of trunk muscles before or shortly after the deltoid in control subjects. The transversus abdominis was invariably the first muscle active and was not influenced by movement direction, supporting the hypothesized role of this muscle in spinal stiffness generation. Contraction of transversus abdominis was significantly delayed in patients with low back pain with all movements. Isolated differences were noted in the other muscles. The delayed onset of contraction of transversus abdominis indicates a deficit of motor control and is hypothesized to result in inefficient muscular stabilization of the spine.

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Gluteal muscle activation during common therapeutic exercises.

D N Padua, Grayson W. Marshall, A Distéfano … (2009)

Experimental laboratory study. To quantify and compare electromyographic signal amplitude of the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius muscles during exercises of varying difficulty to determine which exercise most effectively recruits these muscles. Gluteal muscle weakness has been proposed to be associated with lower extremity injury. Exercises to strengthen the gluteal muscles are frequently used in rehabilitation and injury prevention programs without scientific evidence regarding their ability to activate the targeted muscles. Surface electromyography was used to quantify the activity level of the gluteal muscles in 21 healthy, physically active subjects while performing 12 exercises. Repeated-measures analyses of variance were used to compare normalized mean signal amplitude levels, expressed as a percent of a maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), across exercises. Significant differences in signal amplitude among exercises were noted for the gluteus medius (F5,90 = 7.9, P<.0001) and gluteus maximus (F5,95 = 8.1, P<.0001). Gluteus medius activity was significantly greater during side-lying hip abduction (mean +/- SD, 81% +/- 42% MVIC) compared to the 2 types of hip clam (40% +/- 38% MVIC, 38% +/- 29% MVIC), lunges (48% +/- 21% MVIC), and hop (48% +/- 25% MVIC) exercises. The single-limb squat and single-limb deadlift activated the gluteus medius (single-limb squat, 64% +/- 25% MVIC; single-limb deadlift, 59% +/- 25% MVIC) and maximus (single-limb squat, 59% +/- 27% MVIC; single-limb deadlift, 59% +/- 28% MVIC) similarly. The gluteus maximus activation during the single-limb squat and single-limb deadlift was significantly greater than during the lateral band walk (27% +/- 16% MVIC), hip clam (34% +/- 27% MVIC), and hop (forward, 35% +/- 22% MVIC; transverse, 35% +/- 16% MVIC) exercises. The best exercise for the gluteus medius was side-lying hip abduction, while the single-limb squat and single-limb deadlift exercises led to the greatest activation of the gluteus maximus. These results provide information to the clinician about relative activation of the gluteal muscles during specific therapeutic exercises that can influence exercise progression and prescription. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2009;39(7):532-540, Epub 24 February 2009. doi:10.2519/jospt.2009.2796.

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Movement and stability dysfunction--contemporary developments.

M Comerford, Donald Mottram (2001)

A good understanding of the control processes used to maintain stability in functional movements is essential for clinicians who attempt to treat or manage musculoskeletal pain problems. There is evidence of muscle dysfunction related to the control of the movement system. There is a clear link between reduced proprioceptive input, altered slow motor unit recruitment and the development of chronic pain states. Dysfunction in the global and local muscle systems is presented to support the development of a system of classification of muscle function and development of dysfunction related to musculoskeletal pain. The global muscles control range of movement and alignment, and evidence of dysfunction is presented in terms of imbalance in recruitment and length between the global stability muscles and the global mobility muscles. Direction related restriction and compensation to maintain function is identified and related to pathology. The local stability muscles demonstrate evidence of failure of adequate segmental control in terms of allowing excessive uncontrolled translation or specific loss of cross-sectional area at the site of pathology. Motor recruitment deficits present as altered timing and patterns of recruitment. The evidence of local and global dysfunction allows the development of an integrated model of movement dysfunction. Copyright 2001 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Exerc Rehabil

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Exerc Rehabil

Title: Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation

Publisher: Korean Society of Exercise Rehabilitation

ISSN (Print): 2288-176X

ISSN (Electronic): 2288-1778

Publication date Collection: April 2018

Publication date (Electronic): 26 April 2018

Volume: 14

Issue: 2

Pages: 226-230

Affiliations

Department of Physical Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Science, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Korea

Author notes

[* ]Corresponding author: Tae-Ho Kim, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7939-2139, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Rehabilitation Science, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang-eup, Gyeongsan 38453, Korea, Tel: +82-53-850-4354, Fax: +82-53-850-4359, E-mail: ptkimth@ 123456daegu.ac.kr

Article

Publisher ID: jer-14-2-226

DOI: 10.12965/jer.1836102.051

PMC ID: 5931158

PubMed ID: 29740556

SO-VID: b92be067-6513-4ca9-9313-670aff215227

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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Effects of abdominal hollowing and abdominal bracing during side-lying hip abduction on the lateral rotation and muscle activity of the pelvis

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Most cited references 14

Inefficient muscular stabilization of the lumbar spine associated with low back pain. A motor control evaluation of transversus abdominis.

Gluteal muscle activation during common therapeutic exercises.

Movement and stability dysfunction--contemporary developments.

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