Equilibrium climate sensitivity estimated by equilibrating climate models

[1 ]Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland

[2 ]Max‐Planck‐Institute for Meteorology Hamburg Germany

[3 ]NCAS, University of Reading Reading

[4 ]UK Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter

[5 ]Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden

[6 ]Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics InstituteUniversity of Bern Switzerland

[7 ]Oeschger Centre for Climate Change ResearchUniversity of Bern Switzerland

[8 ]Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Princeton New Jersey USA

[9 ]National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO

[10 ]Danish Meteorological Institute Copenhagen Denmark

[11 ]LMD/IPSL, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, École Polytechnique Paris France

[12 ]School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University Hang Zhou Zhejiang Province China

[13 ]NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York NY

[14 ]Atmosphere and Ocean Research InstituteThe University of Tokyo Japan

[15 ]Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, Université de Toulouse, Météo‐France, CNRS Toulouse France