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      Contenido de ácidos grasos, compuestos fenólicos y calidad industrial de maíces nativos de Guanajuato Translated title: Fatty acid, phenolic compounds and industrial quality of native maize landraces from Guanajuato

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          Abstract

          Para evitar la pérdida irreversible de maíces (Zea mays L.) nativos, es necesaria su recolección, conservación y caracterización. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el potencial nutricional, funcional e industrial de maíces nativos del norte de El Bajío colectados en 2011. A 24 muestras de maíz de granos blanco, rojo y negro, de las razas Cónico Norteño, Chalqueño, Celaya, Bolita, Ratón, Tuxpeño y Mushito se les determinó contenido de aceite, perfil de ácidos grasos, contenido de fenoles solubles totales y antocianinas en los maíces de color, y capacidad antioxidante (TEAC). También se determinó la calidad de nixtamalización del grano y la masa. El contenido de aceite (4.11 a 6.29 %) fue similar a lo reportado previamente. El aceite de las muestras presentó, en promedio 40 % de ácido oléico, 37 % de linoléico, 3 % de esteárico y 12 % de palmítico. En promedio, los maíces de la raza Celaya presentaron el mayor contenido de fenoles solubles totales (114.1 a 164.0 mg EAG/100 g). El rango del contenido de antocianinas en los maíces de color fue muy amplio, de 86.9 a 575 mg EC3G/100 g. Las muestras fueron heterogéneas en términos de tamaño de grano, dureza y color. Predominaron los granos de dureza suave-intermedia con un índice de flotación promedio de 73 %. Las tortillas de estos maíces fueron de muy buena calidad, con excelente rendimiento y textura suave, tanto en tortilla recién elaborada como a las de 24 h de almacenamiento. Se identificaron a las colectas 722 y 725 con potencial para la producción de aceite (6.5 %), la colecta 353 de alto contenido de antocianinas con potencial para la industria alimentaria, y la colecta 632 por su alto rendimiento de tortilla (1.6 kg/kg de maíz).

          Translated abstract

          In order to prevent irreversible loss of maize landraces (Zea mays L.), their collection, preservation and characterization is recommended. This study assessed nutritional, functional and industrial potentials of native corns from Northern El Bajío collected in 2011. Twenty four samples of races with white, red and black kernels, including Cónico Norteño, Chalqueño, Celaya, Bolita, Ratón, Tuxpeño and Mushito races, were evaluated for oil content, fatty acid profiles, total soluble phenols, anthocyanins content in colored kernels, and antioxidant capacity (TEAC). Grain nixtamalization quality was also assessed. Oil content (4.11 to 6.29 %) was similar to those reported elsewhere. Oil content showed an average of 40 % oleic acid, 37 % linoleic acid, 3 % stearic and 12 % palmitic acid. On average, native corns of Celaya race showed the highest content of total soluble phenols (114.1 to 164 mg EAG/100 g). Anthocyanin content of colored corn varied widely, from 86.9 to 575 mg EC3G/100 g. Samples were heterogeneous in terms of grain size, hardness and color. Predominantly grains showed an intermediate soft hardness with a soft-floating rate, averaging 73 %. Tortillas made with colored grains showed very good quality, with excellent yield and a smooth texture when freshly made, as well as after 24 h in storage. Native corns 722 and 725 are excellent candidates for oil production given their high oil content (6.5 %). Meanwhile, native corn 353 showed outstanding anthocyanin content suitable for the food industry and corn 632 showed high tortilla yield of 1.6 kg/kg corn dough.

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          A Rapid Method for Quantifying Total Anthocyanins in Blue Aleurone and Purple Pericarp Wheats

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            Phenolic compounds, carotenoids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity of colored maize (Zea mays L.) kernels.

            In this study, the contents of total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, β-carotene, and lutein as well as free, conjugated, and insoluble bound phenolic acids were determined in whole kernels of 10 different colored maize genotypes. In addition, the antioxidant activity was evaluated as radical scavenging activity with ABTS (2,2-azino-bis/3-ethil-benothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) reagents. Generally, considerable differences in phytochemical contents and antioxidant capacity were observed between the genotypes. The β-carotene and lutein contents ranged from 0 to 2.42 mg/kg d.m. and from 0 to 13.89 mg/kg d.m., respectively, whereas the total anthocyanin contents of anthocyanin-rich colored maize genotypes ranged from 2.50 to 696.07 mg CGE/kg d.m. (cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalent) with cyanidin 3-glucoside (Cy-3-Glu) as the most dominant form. The light blue ZPP-2 selfed maize genotype has a higher content of total phenolics, flavonoids, and ferulic acid as compared to other tested maize and the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity.
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              Fatty acid composition and antioxidant properties of cold-pressed marionberry, boysenberry, red raspberry, and blueberry seed oils.

              Cold-pressed marionberry, boysenberry, red raspberry, and blueberry seed oils were evaluated for their fatty acid composition, carotenoid content, tocopherol profile, total phenolic content (TPC), oxidative stability index (OSI), peroxide value, and antioxidant properties. All tested seed oils contained significant levels of alpha-linolenic acid ranging from 19.6 to 32.4 g per 100 g of oil, along with a low ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acids (1.64-3.99). The total carotenoid content ranged from 12.5 to 30.0 micromoles per kg oil. Zeaxanthin was the major carotenoid compound in all tested berry seed oils, along with beta-carotene, lutein, and cryptoxanthin. Total tocopherol was 260.6-2276.9 mumoles per kg oil, including alpha-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherols. OSI values were 20.07, 20.30, and 44.76 h for the marionberry, red raspberry, and boysenberry seed oils, respectively. The highest TPC of 2.0 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram of oil was observed in the red raspberry seed oil, while the strongest oxygen radical absorbance capacity was in boysenberry seed oil extract (77.9 micromol trolox equivalents per g oil). All tested berry seed oils directly reacted with and quenched DPPH radicals in a dose- and time-dependent manner. These data suggest that the cold-pressed berry seed oils may serve as potential dietary sources of tocopherols, carotenoids, and natural antioxidants.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rfm
                Revista fitotecnia mexicana
                Rev. fitotec. mex
                Sociedad Mexicana de Fitogenética A.C. (Chapingo, Estado de México, Mexico )
                0187-7380
                June 2015
                : 38
                : 2
                : 213-222
                Affiliations
                [03] Celaya Guanajuato orgnameInstituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias México
                [01] Celaya Guanajuato orgnameInstituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias orgdiv1Unidad de Biotecnología México guzman.horacio@ 123456inifap.gob.mx
                [02] Texcoco Estado de México orgnameInstituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias México
                Article
                S0187-73802015000200012 S0187-7380(15)03800200012
                baf9e1e2-e5b4-4d67-b0a8-c469e9605e06

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 30 January 2015
                : 28 February 2014
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 34, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos científicos

                capacidad antioxidante,maíz nativo,Zea mays,phenolics,native corn,antioxidant capacity,oil quality,calidad de aceite,calidad de tortilla,tortilla quality,fenoles

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