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      Tasas de cambios de coberturas de suelo y deforestación (1986-2011) en el municipio de Riberalta, Amazonía boliviana Translated title: Rates of land cover changes and deforestation (1986-2011) in the municipality of Riberalta, Bolivian Amazon

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          Abstract

          El presente estudio analiza los cambios de cobertura de suelo principalmente debido a la deforestación, en el municipio de Riberalta, en la Amazonía boliviana. Calculamos las tasas de cambios de coberturas de suelo y la deforestación usando percepción remota y sistemas de información geográfica. En el análisis se utilizaron imágenes LandSat TM 5 para los años 1986, 2000 y 2011. Los cambios de coberturas fueron cuantificados y adicionalmente se utilizó cartografía para identificar y mapear las principales áreas afectadas. Diferentes técnicas de detección de la deforestación basadas en SIG demostraron que la pérdida de vegetación ha ocurrido principalmente en la categoría de bosque con una tasa de cambio de -0.22% entre 1986-2000 y -0.74% entre 2000-2011. La deforestación acumulada fue de 885.55 km² y ocurrió principalmente sobre propiedades privadas (314.08 km²) seguida de comunidades campesinas. Asimismo, la regeneración de la cobertura forestal fue quince veces menor que la deforestación. Concluimos que los procesos de deforestación fueron más intensos entre 2000-2011 con un claro incremento de las coberturas no originales, tales como la vegetación secundaria, pasto, suelo expuesto y área urbana. Los principales actores ligados a la deforestación fueron los propietarios de tierras privadas y no así las zonas indígenas. La deforestación es más fuerte al norte y al noreste del municipio donde se encuentran las principales vías de comunicación. Este aumento en la pérdida forestal puede reflejar tendencias futuras de deforestación y cambios de uso de suelo para la región de la Amazonía boliviana en general y es fundamental dar más atención a este municipio para que se tomen medidas preventivas de manejo y conservación de la cobertura forestal y de labiodiversidad.

          Translated abstract

          This study analyses the changes in land cover in the municipality of Riberalta, in the Bolivian Amazon, mainly related to deforestation. We calculated rates of land cover changes and deforestation using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems. The analysis was conducted using LandSat TM 5 images for the years 1986, 2000 and 2011. Changes of land cover types were quantified and mapped to identify the affected areas. Different techniques of deforestation detection based on GIS demonstrated that the loss of vegetation has occurred mainly in the land cover type "forest" with a rate of change of -0.22% between 1986 and 2000, and -0.74% between 2000 and 2011. The accumulated deforestation was 885.55 km² and occurred mainly on private properties (314.08 km²) followed by peasant communities. Furthermore, the regeneration of forest cover was fifteen times lower than deforestation rates. We conclude that the deforestation process was more intense between 2000 and 2011 with a clear increase of non-original covers like secondary vegetation, pasture, exposed soil and urban areas. The main actors were linked to deforestation were the owners of private land and not the indigenous areas. The deforestation is stronger in the north and northeast of the municipality where the main roads are located. This increase in forest loss may reflect future trends of deforestation and land use changes for the Bolivian Amazon region in general and it is therefore essential that preventive measures like management and conservation of forest and biodiversity should be taken.

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          Climate change, deforestation, and the fate of the Amazon.

          The forest biome of Amazonia is one of Earth's greatest biological treasures and a major component of the Earth system. This century, it faces the dual threats of deforestation and stress from climate change. Here, we summarize some of the latest findings and thinking on these threats, explore the consequences for the forest ecosystem and its human residents, and outline options for the future of Amazonia. We also discuss the implications of new proposals to finance preservation of Amazonian forests.
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            Modelling conservation in the Amazon basin.

            Expansion of the cattle and soy industries in the Amazon basin has increased deforestation rates and will soon push all-weather highways into the region's core. In the face of this growing pressure, a comprehensive conservation strategy for the Amazon basin should protect its watersheds, the full range of species and ecosystem diversity, and the stability of regional climates. Here we report that protected areas in the Amazon basin--the central feature of prevailing conservation approaches--are an important but insufficient component of this strategy, based on policy-sensitive simulations of future deforestation. By 2050, current trends in agricultural expansion will eliminate a total of 40% of Amazon forests, including at least two-thirds of the forest cover of six major watersheds and 12 ecoregions, releasing 32 +/- 8 Pg of carbon to the atmosphere. One-quarter of the 382 mammalian species examined will lose more than 40% of the forest within their Amazon ranges. Although an expanded and enforced network of protected areas could avoid as much as one-third of this projected forest loss, conservation on private lands is also essential. Expanding market pressures for sound land management and prevention of forest clearing on lands unsuitable for agriculture are critical ingredients of a strategy for comprehensive conservation.
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              A multi-scale segmentation/object relationship modelling methodology for landscape analysis

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                reb
                Ecología en Bolivia
                Ecología en Bolivia
                Plural Editores (La Paz, , Bolivia )
                1605-2528
                2075-5023
                September 2015
                : 50
                : 2
                : 91-114
                Affiliations
                [02] Cologne orgnameUniversity of Applied Sciences orgdiv1Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics Alemania
                [01] San Luis Potosi orgnameAutonomous University of San Luis Potosi orgdiv1Multidisciplinary Graduate Programme in Environmental Sciences Mexico peralta.carmelo@ 123456gmail.com
                [05] San Luis Potosi orgnameUniversity of San Luis Potosi orgdiv1Coordination for Innovation and the Application of Science and Technology México
                [03] Riberalta orgnameAutonomous University of Beni José Ballivián Bolivia
                Article
                S1605-25282015000200003
                bc29317f-9f94-4cd5-afa2-f6b7c01fb575

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 26 August 2015
                : 21 July 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 56, Pages: 24
                Product

                SciELO Bolivia


                Forest loss,GIS,Land Cover Change,Riberalta,Cambios de cobertura del suelo,Pérdida forestal,SIG

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