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      Spontaneous Ocular Scanning of Visual Symmetry Is Similar During Classification and Evaluation Tasks

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Visual symmetry perception and symmetry preference have been studied extensively. However, less is known about how people spontaneously scan symmetrical stimuli with their eyes. We thus examined spontaneous saccadic eye movements when participants ( N = 20) observed patterns with horizontal or vertical mirror reflection. We found that participants tend to make saccades along the axis of reflection and that this oculomotor behaviour was similar during objective classification and subjective evaluation tasks. The axis-scanning behaviour generates a dynamic sequence of novel symmetrical images from a single static stimulus. This could aid symmetry perception and evaluation by enhancing the neural response to symmetry.

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          Most cited references31

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          PsychoPy—Psychophysics software in Python

          Jonathan W. Peirce (2007)
          The vast majority of studies into visual processing are conducted using computer display technology. The current paper describes a new free suite of software tools designed to make this task easier, using the latest advances in hardware and software. PsychoPy is a platform-independent experimental control system written in the Python interpreted language using entirely free libraries. PsychoPy scripts are designed to be extremely easy to read and write, while retaining complete power for the user to customize the stimuli and environment. Tools are provided within the package to allow everything from stimulus presentation and response collection (from a wide range of devices) to simple data analysis such as psychometric function fitting. Most importantly, PsychoPy is highly extensible and the whole system can evolve via user contributions. If a user wants to add support for a particular stimulus, analysis or hardware device they can look at the code for existing examples, modify them and submit the modifications back into the package so that the whole community benefits.
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            Computational modelling of visual attention.

            L Itti, C Koch (2001)
            Five important trends have emerged from recent work on computational models of focal visual attention that emphasize the bottom-up, image-based control of attentional deployment. First, the perceptual saliency of stimuli critically depends on the surrounding context. Second, a unique 'saliency map' that topographically encodes for stimulus conspicuity over the visual scene has proved to be an efficient and plausible bottom-up control strategy. Third, inhibition of return, the process by which the currently attended location is prevented from being attended again, is a crucial element of attentional deployment. Fourth, attention and eye movements tightly interplay, posing computational challenges with respect to the coordinate system used to control attention. And last, scene understanding and object recognition strongly constrain the selection of attended locations. Insights from these five key areas provide a framework for a computational and neurobiological understanding of visual attention.
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              Visual aesthetics and human preference.

              Jonathan Sammartino, Karen B. Schloss, Richard Palmer (2012)
              Human aesthetic preference in the visual domain is reviewed from definitional, methodological, empirical, and theoretical perspectives. Aesthetic science is distinguished from the perception of art and from philosophical treatments of aesthetics. The strengths and weaknesses of important behavioral techniques are presented and discussed, including two-alternative forced-choice, rank order, subjective rating, production/adjustment, indirect, and other tasks. Major findings are reviewed about preferences for colors (single colors, color combinations, and color harmony), spatial structure (low-level spatial properties, shape properties, and spatial composition within a frame), and individual differences in both color and spatial structure. Major theoretical accounts of aesthetic response are outlined and evaluated, including explanations in terms of mere exposure effects, arousal dynamics, categorical prototypes, ecological factors, perceptual and conceptual fluency, and the interaction of multiple components. The results of the review support the conclusion that aesthetic response can be studied rigorously and meaningfully within the framework of scientific psychology.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Alexis D. J. Makin:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4490-7400
                Ellen Poliakoff
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Iperception
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Iperception
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IPE
                Journal ID (hwp): spipe
                Title: i-Perception
                Publisher: SAGE Publications (Sage UK: London, England )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2041-6695
                Publication date (Electronic): 12 October 2020
                Publication date Collection: Sep-Oct 2020
                Volume: 11
                Issue: 5
                Electronic Location Identifier: 2041669520946356
                Affiliations
                [1-2041669520946356]Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
                [2-2041669520946356]Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological, Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, United Kingdom
                [3-2041669520946356]Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
                Author notes
                [*]Alexis Makin, Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Liverpool L69 7ZA, United Kingdom. Email: alexis.makin@ 123456liverpool.ac.uk
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4490-7400
                Article
                Publisher ID: 10.1177_2041669520946356
                DOI: 10.1177/2041669520946356
                PMC ID: 7557695
                SO-VID: bfcb644d-11ad-4e20-846b-b399a247ee85
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2020
                License:

                Creative Commons CC BY: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages ( https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

                History
                Date received : 14 May 2020
                Date accepted : 9 July 2020
                Funding
                Funded by: Economic and Social Research Council, FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000269;
                Award ID: ES/S014691/1
                Categories
                Subject: Article
                Custom metadata
                cover-date September-October 2020
                typesetter ts2

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurosciences
                Keywords: aesthetics,reflection,symmetry,saccades,eye movements
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Neurosciences
                Keywords: aesthetics, reflection, symmetry, saccades, eye movements

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