Youngji Jo: Role: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing
– review & editing
Lise Jamieson: Role: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing
– review & editing
Bevis Phiri: Role: Data curationRole: Project administrationRole: Writing – review & editing
Anna Grimsrud:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1199-8377
Role: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
Muya Mwansa: Role: Data curationRole: Writing – review & editing
Hilda Shakwelele: Role: Project administrationRole: Writing – review & editing
Prudence Haimbe: Role: Project administrationRole: Writing – review & editing
Mpande Mukumbwa-Mwenechanya: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
Priscilla Lumano Mulenga: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Writing – review & editing
Brooke E. Nichols: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original
draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Sydney Rosen:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6560-2964
Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: Funding acquisitionRole: MethodologyRole:
Project administrationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Adam W. Bartlett: Role: Editor
Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS One
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Title:
PLOS ONE
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, CA USA
)
ISSN
(Electronic):
1932-6203
Publication date
(Electronic):
14
March
2023
Publication date Collection: 2023
Volume: 18
Issue: 3
Electronic Location Identifier: e0280748
Affiliations
[1
]
Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston,
MA, United States of America
[2
]
Department of Internal Medicine, Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office,
School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg, South Africa
[3
]
Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam,
Netherlands
[4
]
Clinton Health Access Initiative, Lusaka, Zambia
[5
]
HIV Programmes and Advocacy, International AIDS Society, Cape Town, South Africa
[6
]
Ministry of Health, Lusaka, Zambia
[7
]
Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
[8
]
Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA,
United States of America
University of New South Wales, AUSTRALIA
Author notes
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author information
Article
Publisher ID:
PONE-D-22-19252
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280748
PMC ID: 10013882
PubMed ID: 36917568
SO-VID: c010ea76-eb2f-4002-9a28-2853e1d70ea6
Copyright © © 2023 Jo et al
License:
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original author and source are credited.
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000865, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation;
Award ID: OPP1192640
Award Recipient
:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6560-2964
Sydney Rosen
Funded by:
funder-id http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100006084, Office of AIDS Research;
Award ID: 1F32MH128120-01
Award Recipient
:
Youngji Jo
Funding for the study was provided by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through
OPP1192640 to Boston University. YJ is supported by the Ruth L. Kirschstein National
Research Service Award, National Institutes of Health F32 Individual Fellowship Grant
(grant number: 1F32MH128120-01). The funders had no role in study design, data collection
and analysis, decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript.
Subject:
Research Article
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Health Care
Subject:
Health Care Facilities
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Epidemiology
Subject:
Medical Risk Factors
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Vaccination and Immunization
Subject:
Antiviral Therapy
Subject:
Antiretroviral Therapy
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Immunology
Subject:
Vaccination and Immunization
Subject:
Antiviral Therapy
Subject:
Antiretroviral Therapy
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Public and Occupational Health
Subject:
Preventive Medicine
Subject:
Vaccination and Immunization
Subject:
Antiviral Therapy
Subject:
Antiretroviral Therapy
Subject:
People and Places
Subject:
Geographical Locations
Subject:
Africa
Subject:
Zambia
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical Microbiology
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
RNA viruses
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical Microbiology
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Health Care
Subject:
Health Information Technology
Subject:
Electronic Medical Records
Subject:
Computer and Information Sciences
Subject:
Information Technology
Subject:
Health Information Technology
Subject:
Electronic Medical Records
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Epidemiology
Subject:
Pandemics
Subject:
People and places
Subject:
Geographical locations
Subject:
Africa
Subject:
South Africa
