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      New Frontiers in Electron Beam-Driven Chemistry in and around Graphene

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          Most cited references105

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          Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films

          We describe monocrystalline graphitic films, which are a few atoms thick but are nonetheless stable under ambient conditions, metallic, and of remarkably high quality. The films are found to be a two-dimensional semimetal with a tiny overlap between valence and conductance bands, and they exhibit a strong ambipolar electric field effect such that electrons and holes in concentrations up to 10 13 per square centimeter and with room-temperature mobilities of ∼10,000 square centimeters per volt-second can be induced by applying gate voltage.
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            Nucleation and growth of thin films

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              The structure of suspended graphene sheets

              The recent discovery of graphene has sparked much interest, thus far focused on the peculiar electronic structure of this material, in which charge carriers mimic massless relativistic particles. However, the physical structure of graphene--a single layer of carbon atoms densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice--is also puzzling. On the one hand, graphene appears to be a strictly two-dimensional material, exhibiting such a high crystal quality that electrons can travel submicrometre distances without scattering. On the other hand, perfect two-dimensional crystals cannot exist in the free state, according to both theory and experiment. This incompatibility can be avoided by arguing that all the graphene structures studied so far were an integral part of larger three-dimensional structures, either supported by a bulk substrate or embedded in a three-dimensional matrix. Here we report on individual graphene sheets freely suspended on a microfabricated scaffold in vacuum or air. These membranes are only one atom thick, yet they still display long-range crystalline order. However, our studies by transmission electron microscopy also reveal that these suspended graphene sheets are not perfectly flat: they exhibit intrinsic microscopic roughening such that the surface normal varies by several degrees and out-of-plane deformations reach 1 nm. The atomically thin single-crystal membranes offer ample scope for fundamental research and new technologies, whereas the observed corrugations in the third dimension may provide subtle reasons for the stability of two-dimensional crystals.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Advanced Materials
                Adv. Mater.
                Wiley
                09359648
                March 2019
                March 2019
                June 10 2018
                : 31
                : 9
                : 1800715
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS; College of Physics; Optoelectronics and Energy; Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology; Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province; Soochow University; Suzhou 215006 China
                [2 ]Polish Academy of Sciences; M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34 Zabrze 41-819 Poland
                [3 ]IFW Dresden; P.O. Box D-01171 Dresden Germany
                [4 ]College of Chemistry and Molecular Science; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
                [5 ]Center for Nanochemistry; Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing; 100871 China
                Article
                10.1002/adma.201800715
                c05fcb89-8936-4bb4-ac9e-08f04da4e293
                © 2018

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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