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      Aceite esencial de orégano (Lippia origanoides) mejora parámetros productivos y metabólitos sanguíneos en lechones Translated title: Oregano essential oil (Lippia origanoids) improves productive parameters and blood metabolites in piglets

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Los antibióticos han sido utilizados en la alimentación animal con el fin de garantizar una producción más eficiente; sin embargo, la aparición de bacterias resistentes a los antibióticos ha causado preocupación tanto a consumidores como científicos. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la suplementación con Lippia origanoides sobre el rendimiento productivo y la concentración de metabolitos sanguíneos en lechones destetados a los 21 días. Se utilizaron 72 lechones destetados el día 21 y aleatorizados a 3 dietas: (D1) alimento base, (D2) alimento base + Bacitracina de zinc (350 ppm) y (D3) alimento base + Lippia origanoides (150 ppm). Los días 15 y 30 del periodo experimental se evaluaron parámetros zootécnicos y variables metabólicas a nivel sérico. Los animales que consumieron la dieta D3 presentaron mayor conversión alimenticia y ganancia de peso, además de presentar concentraciones mayores (p<0,05) de fosfatasa alcalina, calcio y fosforo, mientras que las concentraciones de creatinina, alanina aminotransferasa, glucosa, triglicéridos y colesterol se encontraron significativamente (p<0,05) inferiores en comparación con los animales que consumieron (D1) y (D2). El uso de Lippia origanoides en la dieta de lechones constituye una alternativa al uso de antibióticos, pues tiene efectos favorables sobre la bioquímica sanguínea y el rendimiento productivo.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Antibiotics have been used in animal feed in order to ensure more efficient production, however, the appearance of antibiotic resistant bacteria has caused concern in both consumers and scientific. The aim was to evaluate the effect of Lippia origanoides supplementation on the productive performance and the concentration of blood metabolites in piglets weaned at 21 days. 72 piglets weaned on day 21 were used and randomized to 3 diets: (D1) basic feed, (D2) basic feed + zinc bacitracin (350 ppm) and (D3) basic feed + Lippia origanoides (150 ppm). On days 15 and 30 of the experimental period, performance was calculated and metabolic variables were evaluated at serum level. The animals that consumed the D3 diet presented higher feed conversion rate and body weight gain, in addition to presenting higher concentrations (p <0,05) of alkaline phosphatase, calcium and phosphorus, while the concentrations of creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol were found significantly (p <0,05) lower compared to animals that consumed (D1) and (D2). The use of Lippia Origanoides in the piglet diet is an alternative to the use of antibiotics, since it has favorable effects on blood biochemistry and productive performance.

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          Most cited references40

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          Use of antibiotics in broiler production: Global impacts and alternatives

          Antibiotics are used to fight bacterial infections. However, a selective pressure gave rise to bacteria resistant to antibiotics. This leaves scientists worried about the danger to human and animal health. Some strategies can be borrowed to reduce the use of antibiotics in chicken farms. Much research has been carried out to look for natural agents with similar beneficial effects of growth promoters. The aim of these alternatives is to maintain a low mortality rate, a good level of animal yield while preserving environment and consumer health. Among these, the most popular are probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes, organic acids, immunostimulants, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, phytogenic feed additives, phytoncides, nanoparticles and essential oils.
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            Non-antibiotic feed additives in diets for pigs: A review

            A number of feed additives are marketed to assist in boosting the pigs' immune system, regulate gut microbiota, and reduce negative impacts of weaning and other environmental challenges. The most commonly used feed additives include acidifiers, zinc and copper, prebiotics, direct-fed microbials, yeast products, nucleotides, and plant extracts. Inclusion of pharmacological levels of zinc and copper, certain acidifiers, and several plant extracts have been reported to result in improved pig performance or improved immune function of pigs. It is also possible that use of prebiotics, direct-fed microbials, yeast, and nucleotides may have positive impacts on pig performance, but results have been less consistent and there is a need for more research in this area.
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              Essential oils as alternatives to antibiotics in swine production

              This review article summarizes the efficacy, feasibility and potential mechanisms of the application of essential oils as antibiotic alternatives in swine production. Although there are numerous studies demonstrating that essential oils have several properties, such as antimicrobial, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, feed palatability enhancement and improvement in gut growth and health, there is still a need of further investigations to elucidate the mechanisms underlying their functions. In the past, the results has been inconsistent in both laboratory and field studies because of the varied product compositions, dosages, purities and growing stages and conditions of animals. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of essential oils needed for killing enteric pathogens may not ensure the optimal feed intake and the essential oils inclusion cost may be too high in swine production. With the lipophilic and volatile nature of essential oils, there is a challenge in effective delivery of essential oils within pig gut and this challenge can partially be resolved by microencapsulation and nanotechnology. The effects of essential oils on inflammation, oxidative stress, microbiome, gut chemosensing and bacterial quorum sensing (QS) have led to better production performance of animals fed essential oils in a number of studies. It has been demonstrated that essential oils have good potential as antibiotic alternatives in feeds for swine production. The combination of different essential oils and other compounds (synergistic effect) such as organic acids seems to be a promising approach to improve the efficacy and safety of essential oils in applications. High-throughput systems technologies have been developed recently, which will allow us to dissect the mechanisms underlying the functions of essential oils and facilitate the use of essential oils in swine production.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bsaa
                Biotecnología en el Sector Agropecuario y Agroindustrial
                Rev.Bio.Agro
                Taller Editorial Universidad del Cauca (Popayán, Cauca, Colombia )
                1692-3561
                December 2021
                : 19
                : 2
                : 82-93
                Affiliations
                [4] Medellín orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias orgdiv2Grupo de investigación BIOGEM Colombia
                [2] Santander orgnamePROMITEC Santanter S.A.S orgdiv1Grupo de investigación, desarrollo e innovacion Promitec Santander Grupo. Colombia
                [1] Medellín orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias orgdiv2Departamento de Producción Animal, Grupo de investigación BIOGEM Colombia
                [3] Santander orgnamePROMITEC Santanter S.A.S orgdiv1Grupo de investigación, desarrollo e innovacion Promitec Santander Grupo Colombia
                Article
                S1692-35612021000200082 S1692-3561(21)01900200082
                10.18684/bsaa.v19.n2.2021.1547
                c0d8e0a5-d5de-48bb-a541-aa8e0e7e3d43

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 22 January 2021
                : 16 June 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                Artículos Originales

                Rendimiento Productivo,Growth Performance,Piglets,Nutrients,Weaning,Phitobiotic,Pig production,Blood Biochemistry,Antibiotics,Essential oil,Lippia Origanoides,Lechones,Nutrientes,Porcicultura,Fitobiótico,Destete,Bioquímica Sanguínea,Antibiótico,Aceite esencial

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