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      Rendimiento de semilla del guar en función del distanciamiento entre surcos y densidad de población Translated title: Guar seed yield in function of row spacing and plant density

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          Abstract

          Resumen El guar responde a variaciones en distanciamiento entre surcos y densidad de población, sin embargo, para obtener el mayor rendimiento de semilla es necesario determinar la mejor combinación de estos factores de acuerdo con las condiciones ambientales y manejo agronómico. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el potencial de rendimiento de semilla del guar en respuesta al distanciamiento entre surcos y la densidad de población en la región centro-sur de Chihuahua. El experimento se realizó en Delicias, Chihuahua durante el ciclo primavera-verano de 2021. Se evaluaron cuatro distanciamientos entre surcos (30, 45, 60 y 75 cm) y cuatro densidades de población (30, 45, 60 y 75 plantas m-2). Se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones, con un arreglo factorial 4 × 4 de los tratamientos. Se determinó el rendimiento de semilla y sus componentes de rendimiento. No hubo interacción para distancia entre surcos x densidad de población; sólo se encontró diferencia significativa para el distanciamiento entre surcos. Los surcos a 30 cm superaron en rendimiento de semilla (2,750 kg ha-1) a los otros distanciamientos (2,001 a 2,321 kg ha-1), entre los cuales no hubo diferencia significativa. La mayor producción en surcos a 30 cm se asoció a su mayor índice de área foliar, y por lo tanto, a su mayor intercepción de radiación solar.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Guar responds to variations in row spacing and population density, however, to obtain the highest seed yield it is necessary to determine the best combination of these factors according to environmental conditions and agronomic management. The aim of the study was to determine the seed yield potential of guar in response to row spacing and plant density at the center-south region of Chihuahua. The study was carried out in Delicias, Chihuahua, during the 2021 spring-summer season. Four distances between rows (30, 45, 60 and 75 cm) and four plant densities (30, 45, 60 and 75 plants m-2) were evaluated. An experimental design of randomized complete blocks with three replications was used, with a 4 × 4 factorial treatment arrangement. The seed yield and its yield components were determined. There was no interaction for distance between rows x population density; a significant statistical difference was only found for row spacing. The 30-cm row spacing exceeded in seed yield (2,750 kg ha-1) the other spacings (2,001 to 2,321 kg ha-1), in which no differences were found between them. The highest production in rows at 30 cm was associated to its higher leaf area index, and therefore, with its higher solar radiation interception.

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          Guar gum: processing, properties and food applications—A Review

          Guar gum is a novel agrochemical processed from endosperm of cluster bean. It is largely used in the form of guar gum powder as an additive in food, pharmaceuticals, paper, textile, explosive, oil well drilling and cosmetics industry. Industrial applications of guar gum are possible because of its ability to form hydrogen bonding with water molecule. Thus, it is chiefly used as thickener and stabilizer. It is also beneficial in the control of many health problems like diabetes, bowel movements, heart disease and colon cancer. This article focuses on production, processing, composition, properties, food applications and health benefits of guar gum.
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            Yield Responses to Narrow Rows Depend on Increased Radiation Interception

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              Narrow-wide row planting pattern improves the light environment and seed yields of intercrop species in relay intercropping system

              Different planting patterns affect the light interception of intercrops under intercropping conditions. Here we revealed that narrow-wide-row relay-intercropping improves the light interception across maize leaves in wide rows (60cm) and narrow rows (40cm), accelerated the biomass production of intercrop-species and compensated the slight maize yield loss by considerably increasing the soybean yield. In a two-year experiment, maize was planted with soybean in different planting patterns (1M1S, 50:50cm and 2M2S, 40:60cm) of relay-intercropping, both planting patterns were compared with sole cropping of maize (M) and soybean (S). As compared to M and 1M1S, 2M2S increased the total light interception of maize leaves in wide rows (WR) by 27% and 23%, 20% and 10%, 16% and 9% which in turn significantly enhanced the photosynthetic rate of WR maize leaves by 7% and 5%, 12% and 9%, and 19% and 4%, at tasseling, grain-filling and maturity stage of maize, respectively. Similarly, the light transmittance at soybean canopy increased by 218%, 160% and 172% at V2, V5 and R1 stage in 2M2S compared with 1M1S. The improved light environment at soybean canopy in 2M2S considerably enhanced the mean biomass accumulation, and allocation to stem and leaves of soybean by 168%, and 131% and 207%, respectively, while it decreased the mean biomass accumulation, and distribution to stem, leaves and seed of maize by 4%, and 4%, 6% and 5%, respectively than 1M1S. Compared to 1M1S, 2M2S also increased the CR values of soybean (by 157%) but decreased the CR values of maize (by 61%). Overall, under 2M2S, relay-cropped maize and soybean produced 94% and 69% of the sole cropping yield, and the 2M2S achieved LER of 1.7 with net income of 1387.7 US $ ha-1 in 2016 and 1434.4 US $ ha-1 in 2017. Our findings implied that selection of optimum planting pattern (2M2S) may increase the light interception and influence the light distribution between maize and soybean rows under relay-intercropping conditions which will significantly increase the intercrops productivity. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the light environment when considering the sustainability of maize-soybean relay-intercropping via appropriate planting pattern selection.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                biotecnia
                Biotecnia
                Biotecnia
                Universidad de Sonora, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud (Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico )
                1665-1456
                August 2023
                : 25
                : 2
                : 169-175
                Affiliations
                [1] Delicias orgnameInstituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias Mexico
                [2] Matamoros orgnameInstituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias Mexico
                Article
                S1665-14562023000200169 S1665-1456(23)02500200169
                10.18633/biotecnia.v25i2.1860
                c0e514a8-792b-47c9-9f40-7accce8d3405

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 26 September 2022
                : 20 March 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 21, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos

                yield components,intercepción de radiación solar,índice de área foliar,componentes del rendimiento,Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.,solar radiation interception,leaf area index

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