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      Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Correlation Coefficients between Nomophobia and Anxiety, Smartphone Addiction, and Insomnia Symptoms.

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          Abstract

          Nomophobia is an emerging phenomenon in the 21st century. Consequently, it results in various health problems, both physical and psychological. The following systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to establish the relationship between nomophobia with anxiety, smartphone addiction, and insomnia. To identify the relevant studies, we searched through several databases. Out of the 1523 studies identified, 16 studies met the inclusion criteria. After conducting the statistical analysis, the results revealed that anxiety r = 0.31 (95% CI: 0.25 to 0.38), smartphone addiction r = 0.39 (95% CI: 0.04 to 0.75), and insomnia r = 0.56 (95% CI: 0.38 to 0.75) are positively associated with nomophobia. Mobile phone usage has become inevitable, even for individuals who use it to a lesser degree than others, to perform simple tasks, such as communicating with others or for educational purposes. It is crucial to raise awareness about the consequences of overusing these devices, including the physical and psychological complications in both the short and long terms.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Healthcare (Basel)
          Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
          MDPI AG
          2227-9032
          2227-9032
          Jul 19 2023
          : 11
          : 14
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 329, Bahrain.
          [2 ] High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.
          [3 ] Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.
          [4 ] Government Hospitals, Manama 329, Bahrain.
          Article
          healthcare11142066
          10.3390/healthcare11142066
          10380081
          37510507
          c2a520ed-9f54-4ce6-98ba-5a2d55b3d68f
          History

          nomophobia,internet addiction,fear,systematic review,sleeplessness,meta-analysis

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