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      The Effect of Obstacle Training in Water on Static Balance of Chronic Stroke Patients

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      Author(s): , PT, MSc 1 , , PT, PhD 2 , , PT, PhD 2 , , PT, PhD 1 , *
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Journal of Physical Therapy Science
      Publisher: The Society of Physical Therapy Science
      Keywords: Stroke, Aqua, Obstacle training

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          Abstract

          [Purpose] This study evaluated the effects of water and land-based obstacle training on static balance of chronic stroke patients. [Subjects] The subjects were randomly allocated to an aqua group (n=15) and a land group (n=15). [Methods] Both groups trained for 40 minutes, 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Static balance was assessed by measuring the mean velocities of mediolateral (ML) and anteroposterior (AP), and sway area with the eyes closed. [Results] Following the intervention, both groups showed significant changes in ML velocity, AP velocity, and sway area. The static balance of the aqua group was significantly better than the land group. [Conclusion] The results of this study suggest the feasibility and suitability of obstacle training in water for stroke patients.

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          Water-based exercise improves health-related aspects of fitness in older women.

          Brooke G. Rogers, A. Islam, Nobuo Takeshima … (2002)
          The purpose of this study was to determine the physiological responses of elderly women to a well-rounded exercise program performed in water (WEX). The participants (60-75 yr of age) were randomly divided into a training (TR) group (N = 15) and a control group (N = 15). The TR group participated in a 12-wk supervised WEX program, 70 min x day(-1), 3 d x wk(-1). The WEX consisted of 20 min of warm-up and stretching exercise, 10 min of resistance exercise, 30 min of endurance-type exercise (walking and dancing), and 10 min of cool-down exercise. The WEX led to an increase (P < 0.05) in peak VO2 (12%) and VO2 at lactate threshold (20%). Muscular strength evaluated by a hydraulic resistance machine increased significantly at resistance dial setting 8 (slow) for knee extension (8%), knee flexion (13%), chest press (7%) and pull (11%), shoulder press (4%) and pull (6%), and back extension (6%). Vertical jump (9%), side-stepping agility (22%), trunk extension (11%), and FEV1.0 (7%) also increased significantly. There was a significant decrease in skin-fold thickness (-8%), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (-17%), and total cholesterol (-11%). There were no significant changes in these variables in the control group. These results indicate that WEX elicits significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, body fat, and total cholesterol in older adult women. Water-based exercise appears to be a very safe and beneficial mode of exercise that can be performed as part of a well-rounded exercise program.
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            Effectiveness of Aquatic Exercise and Balneotherapy: A Summary of Systematic Reviews Based on Randomized Controlled Trials of Water Immersion Therapies

            Hiroharu Kamioka, Kiichiro Tsutani, Hiroyasu Okuizumi … (2010)
            Background The objective of this review was to summarize findings on aquatic exercise and balneotherapy and to assess the quality of systematic reviews based on randomized controlled trials. Methods Studies were eligible if they were systematic reviews based on randomized clinical trials (with or without a meta-analysis) that included at least 1 treatment group that received aquatic exercise or balneotherapy. We searched the following databases: Cochrane Database Systematic Review, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, JDream II, and Ichushi-Web for articles published from the year 1990 to August 17, 2008. Results We found evidence that aquatic exercise had small but statistically significant effects on pain relief and related outcome measures of locomotor diseases (eg, arthritis, rheumatoid diseases, and low back pain). However, long-term effectiveness was unclear. Because evidence was lacking due to the poor methodological quality of balneotherapy studies, we were unable to make any conclusions on the effects of intervention. There were frequent flaws regarding the description of excluded RCTs and the assessment of publication bias in several trials. Two of the present authors independently assessed the quality of articles using the AMSTAR checklist. Conclusions Aquatic exercise had a small but statistically significant short-term effect on locomotor diseases. However, the effectiveness of balneotherapy in curing disease or improving health remains unclear.
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              The effect of aquatic therapy on postural balance and muscle strength in stroke survivors--a randomized controlled pilot trial.

              Dong Koog Noh, Jae-Young Lim, Hyung-Ik Shin … (2016)
              To evaluate the effect of an aquatic therapy programme designed to increase balance in stroke survivors. A randomized, controlled pilot trial. Rehabilitation department of a university hospital. Ambulatory chronic stroke patients (n = 25):13 in an aquatic therapy group and 12 in a conventional therapy group. The aquatic therapy group participated in a programme consisting of Ai Chi and Halliwick methods, which focused on balance and weight-bearing exercises. The conventional therapy group performed gym exercises. In both groups, the interventions occurred for 1 hour, three times per week, for eight weeks. The primary outcome measures were Berg Balance Scale score and weight-bearing ability, as measured by vertical ground reaction force during four standing tasks (rising from a chair and weight-shifting forward, backward and laterally). Secondary measures were muscle strength and gait. Compared with the conventional therapy group, the aquatic therapy group attained significant improvements in Berg Balance Scale scores, forward and backward weight-bearing abilities of the affected limbs, and knee flexor strength (P < 0.05), with effect sizes of 1.03, 1.14, 0.72 and 1.13 standard deviation units and powers of 75, 81, 70 and 26%, respectively. There were no significant changes in the other measures between the two groups. Postural balance and knee flexor strength were improved after aquatic therapy based on the Halliwick and Ai Chi methods in stroke survivors. Because of limited power and a small population base, further studies with larger sample sizes are required.
              Article 0 comments Cited 28 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Phys Ther Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Phys Ther Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JPTS
                Title: Journal of Physical Therapy Science
                Publisher: The Society of Physical Therapy Science
                ISSN (Print): 0915-5287
                ISSN (Electronic): 2187-5626
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 March 2014
                Publication date (Print): March 2014
                Volume: 26
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 437-440
                Affiliations
                [1) ] Department of Physical Therapy, Daegu University, Republic of Korea
                [2) ] Department of Physical Therapy, Andong Science College, Republic of Korea
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. Kyoung Kim, Department of Physical Therapy, Daegu University: 15 Naeri-ri, Jinlyang, Gyeongsan-si, Kyeongsangbuk-do 712-714, Republic of Korea. (E-mail: kykim257@ 123456hanmail.net )
                Article
                Publisher ID: jpts-2013-398
                DOI: 10.1589/jpts.26.437
                PMC ID: 3976021
                PubMed ID: 24707102
                SO-VID: c41b5a8e-b9c4-427f-ae0d-4d52e5ac3b2a
                Copyright © 2014©by the Society of Physical Therapy Science
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) License.

                History
                Date received : 30 August 2013
                Date accepted : 10 October 2013
                Categories
                Subject: Original

                Keywords: stroke,aqua,obstacle training
                Data availability:
                Keywords: stroke, aqua, obstacle training

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