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      Whole-genome analysis of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from clinical isolates in Southern Thailand

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          Abstract

          The worldwide spread of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) has become a healthcare challenge for some decades. To understand its molecular epidemiology in Southern Thailand, we conducted whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 221 CRAB clinical isolates. A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was performed using several tools to assemble, annotate, and identify sequence types (STs), antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and virulence genes. ST2 was the most prevalent ST in the CRAB isolates. For the detection of AMR genes, almost all CRAB isolates carried the bla OXA-23 gene, while certain isolates harbored the bla NDM-1 or bla IMP-14 genes. Also, various AMR genes were observed in these CRAB isolates, particularly aminoglycoside resistance genes (e.g., armA, aph(6)-Id, and aph(3″)-Ib), fosfomycin resistance gene ( abaF), and tetracycline resistance genes ( tet(B) and tet(39)). For plasmid replicon typing, RepAci1 and RepAci7 were the predominant replicons found in the CRAB isolates. Many genes encoding for virulence factors such as the ompA, adeF, pgaA, lpxA, and bfmR genes were also identified in all CRAB isolates. In conclusion, most CRAB isolates contained a mixture of AMR genes, MGEs, and virulence genes. This study provides significant information about the genetic determinants of CRAB clinical isolates that could assist the development of strategies for improved control and treatment of these infections.

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          Most cited references104

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          RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies

          Motivation: Phylogenies are increasingly used in all fields of medical and biological research. Moreover, because of the next-generation sequencing revolution, datasets used for conducting phylogenetic analyses grow at an unprecedented pace. RAxML (Randomized Axelerated Maximum Likelihood) is a popular program for phylogenetic analyses of large datasets under maximum likelihood. Since the last RAxML paper in 2006, it has been continuously maintained and extended to accommodate the increasingly growing input datasets and to serve the needs of the user community. Results: I present some of the most notable new features and extensions of RAxML, such as a substantial extension of substitution models and supported data types, the introduction of SSE3, AVX and AVX2 vector intrinsics, techniques for reducing the memory requirements of the code and a plethora of operations for conducting post-analyses on sets of trees. In addition, an up-to-date 50-page user manual covering all new RAxML options is available. Availability and implementation: The code is available under GNU GPL at https://github.com/stamatak/standard-RAxML. Contact: alexandros.stamatakis@h-its.org Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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            SPAdes: a new genome assembly algorithm and its applications to single-cell sequencing.

            The lion's share of bacteria in various environments cannot be cloned in the laboratory and thus cannot be sequenced using existing technologies. A major goal of single-cell genomics is to complement gene-centric metagenomic data with whole-genome assemblies of uncultivated organisms. Assembly of single-cell data is challenging because of highly non-uniform read coverage as well as elevated levels of sequencing errors and chimeric reads. We describe SPAdes, a new assembler for both single-cell and standard (multicell) assembly, and demonstrate that it improves on the recently released E+V-SC assembler (specialized for single-cell data) and on popular assemblers Velvet and SoapDeNovo (for multicell data). SPAdes generates single-cell assemblies, providing information about genomes of uncultivatable bacteria that vastly exceeds what may be obtained via traditional metagenomics studies. SPAdes is available online ( http://bioinf.spbau.ru/spades ). It is distributed as open source software.
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              Prokka: rapid prokaryotic genome annotation.

              T Seemann (2014)
              The multiplex capability and high yield of current day DNA-sequencing instruments has made bacterial whole genome sequencing a routine affair. The subsequent de novo assembly of reads into contigs has been well addressed. The final step of annotating all relevant genomic features on those contigs can be achieved slowly using existing web- and email-based systems, but these are not applicable for sensitive data or integrating into computational pipelines. Here we introduce Prokka, a command line software tool to fully annotate a draft bacterial genome in about 10 min on a typical desktop computer. It produces standards-compliant output files for further analysis or viewing in genome browsers. Prokka is implemented in Perl and is freely available under an open source GPLv2 license from http://vicbioinformatics.com/. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Comput Struct Biotechnol J
                Comput Struct Biotechnol J
                Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal
                Research Network of Computational and Structural Biotechnology
                2001-0370
                06 January 2022
                2022
                06 January 2022
                : 20
                : 545-558
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
                [b ]Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
                [c ]Pornchai Matangkasombut Center for Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
                [d ]Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
                [e ]Department of Microbiology, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
                [f ]Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
                [g ]Molecular Evolution and Computational Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
                [h ]Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
                [i ]Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
                [j ]Division of Computational Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding authors at: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand and Division of Computational Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand. sarunyouchusri@ 123456hotmail.com komwit.s@ 123456psu.ac.th
                Article
                S2001-0370(22)00001-0
                10.1016/j.csbj.2021.12.038
                9582705
                36284706
                c530497a-b9c6-4722-be6c-11bfb1d73cb1
                © 2022 The Author(s)

                This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 16 September 2021
                : 25 December 2021
                : 30 December 2021
                Categories
                Research Article

                carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii (crab),whole-genome sequencing (wgs),bioinformatics tool,sequence type (st),antimicrobial resistance (amr) gene,mobile genetic element (mge)

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