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      Social determinants and non-communicable diseases: time for integrated action

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      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: The BMJ
      Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.

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          Abstract

          A whole systems approach that integrates action on the social determinants of health is essential to reduce the burden of non-communicable disease, argue Michael Marmot and Ruth Bell

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          Most cited references22

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          The Lancet Commission on pollution and health

          Philip J. Landrigan, Richard C. Fuller, Nereus J R Acosta … (2018)
          Article 0 comments Cited 802 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Closing the gap in a generation: health equity through action on the social determinants of health.

            Michael Marmot, Sharon Friel, Ruth Bell … (2008)
            The Commission on Social Determinants of Health, created to marshal the evidence on what can be done to promote health equity and to foster a global movement to achieve it, is a global collaboration of policy makers, researchers, and civil society, led by commissioners with a unique blend of political, academic, and advocacy experience. The focus of attention is on countries at all levels of income and development. The commission launched its final report on August 28, 2008. This paper summarises the key findings and recommendations; the full list is in the final report.
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              Rising morbidity and mortality in midlife among white non-Hispanic Americans in the 21st century.

              Anne Case, Angus Deaton (2015)
              This paper documents a marked increase in the all-cause mortality of middle-aged white non-Hispanic men and women in the United States between 1999 and 2013. This change reversed decades of progress in mortality and was unique to the United States; no other rich country saw a similar turnaround. The midlife mortality reversal was confined to white non-Hispanics; black non-Hispanics and Hispanics at midlife, and those aged 65 and above in every racial and ethnic group, continued to see mortality rates fall. This increase for whites was largely accounted for by increasing death rates from drug and alcohol poisonings, suicide, and chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis. Although all education groups saw increases in mortality from suicide and poisonings, and an overall increase in external cause mortality, those with less education saw the most marked increases. Rising midlife mortality rates of white non-Hispanics were paralleled by increases in midlife morbidity. Self-reported declines in health, mental health, and ability to conduct activities of daily living, and increases in chronic pain and inability to work, as well as clinically measured deteriorations in liver function, all point to growing distress in this population. We comment on potential economic causes and consequences of this deterioration.
              Article 0 comments Cited 362 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Michael Marmot: Role: professor
                Ruth Bell: Role: principal research fellow
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMJ
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMJ
                Journal ID (publisher-id): BMJ-UK
                Journal ID (hwp): bmj
                Title: The BMJ
                Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
                ISSN (Print): 0959-8138
                ISSN (Electronic): 1756-1833
                Publication date Collection: 2019
                Publication date (Electronic): 28 January 2019
                Volume: 364
                Electronic Location Identifier: l251
                Affiliations
                [1]Institute of Health Equity, University College London, London, UK
                Author notes
                Correspondence to M Marmot m.marmot@ 123456ucl.ac.uk
                Article
                Publisher ID: marm047959
                DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l251
                PMC ID: 6348404
                PubMed ID: 30692093
                SO-VID: c62a4cc9-3112-4489-b6af-6cfdecc7ac63
                Copyright © Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution IGO License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Categories
                Subject: Analysis
                Series title: Solutions for Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine

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