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      Recent dispersal and diversification within the clingfish genus Acyrtus (Actinopterygii: Gobiesocidae), with the description of a new western Atlantic species

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          Abstract

          Abstract The genus Acyrtus (Gobiesocidae) is represented by four valid species distributed in the western Atlantic, and a recently described fifth species from the eastern Pacific. Here, we describe a new species endemic to Trindade Island, Brazil, and provide the first phylogenetic inference for the genus including all representatives. The new species can be distinguished from all its congeners by meristic and morphometric characters, as well as genetic differences. It presents low genetic diversity and, contrarily to other Trindade Island endemic fishes, shows no evidence of recent population growth. Our phylogeny reveals cryptic species and the paraphyletic nature of Acyrtus, which included Arcos nudus (western Atlantic) in a clade that separated from Arcos erythrops (tropical eastern Pacific) around 20 Mya. The three species found in the Brazilian Province, including one that remains undescribed, form a monophyletic clade which colonized the western South Atlantic around 2.6 Mya. Our study suggests that Arcos nudus should be placed in Acyrtus, and that the relationships among the closely-related Gobiesocidae genera Acyrtus (mostly from the Atlantic Ocean) and Arcos (from the Pacific Ocean) need further investigation.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo O gênero Acyrtus (Gobiesocidae) é representado por quatro espécies válidas encontradas no Atlântico ocidental e uma recentemente descrita do Pacífico oriental. Aqui descrevemos uma nova espécie endêmica da Ilha da Trindade, Brasil, e apresentamos a primeira inferência filogenética para o gênero incluindo todos os representantes. A nova espécie pode ser distinguida de suas congêneres por caracteres merísticos e morfométricos, bem como por diferenças genéticas. A espécie apresenta baixa diversidade genética, entretanto, diferentemente de outras espécies endêmicas da Ilha da Trindade, não mostra evidência de expansão populacional recente. A filogenia obtida revelou a existência de espécies crípticas e a natureza parafilética de Acyrtus, o qual inclui Arcos nudus (do Atlântico ocidental), e que é separado de Arcos erythrops (do Pacifico tropical oriental) por cerca de 20 milhões de anos. As três espécies encontradas no Brasil, incluindo uma ainda não descrita, formam um clado monofilético que colonizou o Atlântico Sul ocidental há cerca de 2,6 milhões de anos. Nosso estudo sugere que Arcos nudus deva ser alocado no gênero Acyrtus, e que as relações entre os gêneros Acyrtus (em maioria do Oceano Atlântico) e Arcos (do Oceano Pacífico) precisam ser estudadas em mais detalhes.

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          MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets.

          We present the latest version of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (Mega) software, which contains many sophisticated methods and tools for phylogenomics and phylomedicine. In this major upgrade, Mega has been optimized for use on 64-bit computing systems for analyzing larger datasets. Researchers can now explore and analyze tens of thousands of sequences in Mega The new version also provides an advanced wizard for building timetrees and includes a new functionality to automatically predict gene duplication events in gene family trees. The 64-bit Mega is made available in two interfaces: graphical and command line. The graphical user interface (GUI) is a native Microsoft Windows application that can also be used on Mac OS X. The command line Mega is available as native applications for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. They are intended for use in high-throughput and scripted analysis. Both versions are available from www.megasoftware.net free of charge.
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            Posterior Summarization in Bayesian Phylogenetics Using Tracer 1.7

            Abstract Bayesian inference of phylogeny using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) plays a central role in understanding evolutionary history from molecular sequence data. Visualizing and analyzing the MCMC-generated samples from the posterior distribution is a key step in any non-trivial Bayesian inference. We present the software package Tracer (version 1.7) for visualizing and analyzing the MCMC trace files generated through Bayesian phylogenetic inference. Tracer provides kernel density estimation, multivariate visualization, demographic trajectory reconstruction, conditional posterior distribution summary, and more. Tracer is open-source and available at http://beast.community/tracer.
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              DnaSP 6: DNA Sequence Polymorphism Analysis of Large Data Sets.

              We present version 6 of the DNA Sequence Polymorphism (DnaSP) software, a new version of the popular tool for performing exhaustive population genetic analyses on multiple sequence alignments. This major upgrade incorporates novel functionalities to analyze large data sets, such as those generated by high-throughput sequencing technologies. Among other features, DnaSP 6 implements: 1) modules for reading and analyzing data from genomic partitioning methods, such as RADseq or hybrid enrichment approaches, 2) faster methods scalable for high-throughput sequencing data, and 3) summary statistics for the analysis of multi-locus population genetics data. Furthermore, DnaSP 6 includes novel modules to perform single- and multi-locus coalescent simulations under a wide range of demographic scenarios. The DnaSP 6 program, with extensive documentation, is freely available at http://www.ub.edu/dnasp.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ni
                Neotropical Ichthyology
                Neotrop. ichthyol.
                Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia (Maringá, PR, Brazil )
                1679-6225
                1982-0224
                2022
                : 20
                : 3
                : e210137
                Affiliations
                [5] São Sebastião orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Centro de Biologia Marinha Brazil htpinheiro@ 123456gmail.com
                [1] Vitória Espírito Santo orgnameUniversidade Federal do Espírito Santo orgdiv1Dept de Ciências Biológicas orgdiv2Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Animal Brazil thaislquintao@ 123456hotmail.com
                [4] San Francisco CA orgnameCalifornia Academy of Sciences orgdiv1Department of Ichthyology USA Lrocha@ 123456calacademy.org
                [3] Macaé Rio de Janeiro orgnameUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro orgdiv1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais e Conservação orgdiv2Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade Brazil gaspa.vix@ 123456gmail.com
                [2] Vitória Espírito Santo orgnameUniversidade Federal do Espírito Santo orgdiv1Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia Brazil jean.joyeux@ 123456ufes.br
                Article
                S1679-62252022000300205 S1679-6225(22)02000300205
                10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0137
                c64a3f7b-3410-4796-bf77-afb7582a6688

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 19 September 2021
                : 30 May 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 60, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Original Article

                Peixes recifais,Brazilian Province,Endemism,Evolution,Phylogeny,Reef fish,Província Brasileira,Endemismo,Evolução,Filogenia

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