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      Latitudinal cline of chronotype

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          The rotation of the Earth around its own axis and around the sun determines the characteristics of the light/dark cycle, the most stable and ancient 24 h temporal cue for all organisms. Due to the tilt in the earth’s axis in relation to the plane of the earth’s orbit around the sun, sunlight reaches the Earth differentially depending on the latitude. The timing of circadian rhythms varies among individuals of a given population and biological and environmental factors underlie this variability. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that latitude is associated to the regulation of circadian rhythm in humans. We have studied chronotype profiles across latitudinal cline from around 0° to 32° South in Brazil in a sample of 12,884 volunteers living in the same time zone. The analysis of the results revealed that humans are sensitive to the different sunlight signals tied to differences in latitude, resulting in a morning to evening latitudinal cline of chronotypes towards higher latitudes.

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          A human phase-response curve to light.

          David S. Minors, James M Waterhouse, Anna Wirz-Justice (1991)
          Using 'classical' experimental protocols, a human phase-response curve (PRC) to a single 3-h bright light pulse has been established. When the light pulse was centred slightly before the time of body temperature minimum, the circadian system delayed, whilst a pulse slightly after the minimum advanced it. Maximum phase shifts were about 2 h. When light pulses over 3 successive cycles were used, larger shifts (4-7 h) were produced. It is concluded that the human PRC does not differ in principle from that found in other species, except with respect to the light intensity required.
          Article 0 comments Cited 107 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Comparison of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire with the Horne-Ostberg's Morningness-Eveningness Score.

            Andrei Zavada, Till Roenneberg, M. Suzanne Gordijn … (2004)
            We report on results from an Internet survey of sleeping habits in a Dutch population using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ), supplemented with the Horne-Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). The MCTQ was completed by 5,055 responders, of which 2,481 also completed the MEQ. MEQ score correlated well with the MCTQ assessment of time of mid-sleep on free days (MSF; r = - 0.73) and on workdays (MSW; r = - 0.61). MEQ was more strongly correlated with MSF (50% of sleep time) than with sleep onset (0%), rise time (100%), or with any other percentile (10 to 40, 60% to 90%) of sleep on free days. The study shows that chronotype (based on MSF as measured by the MCTQ) strongly correlates with morningness-eveningness (as measured by the MEQ). However, the MCTQ collects additional detailed information on sleep-wake behavior under natural conditions.
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              Sex difference in sleep-time preference and sleep need: a cross-sectional survey among Italian pre-adolescents, adolescents, and adults.

              Marco Fabbri, Lorenzo Tonetti, Vincenzo Natale (2008)
              The aim of this study was to examine sex differences in sleep-time preference by age among Italian pre-adolescents, adolescents, and adults. The final sample consisted of 8,972 participants (5,367 females and 3,605 males) from 10 to 87 yrs of age. To assess preferred sleep habits, we considered the answers to the open-ended questions of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). In agreement with previous studies, we found that sleep-time preference started to shift toward eveningness from the age of 13 yrs. Females reached their peak in eveningness earlier (about 17 yrs of age) than males (about 21 yrs of age). Thereafter, the ideal sleep-time preference advanced in men and women with increasing age. Females presented a more significant advanced sleep phase than males only during the years when sexual hormones are typically active. Moreover, females reported a longer ideal sleep duration than males across all age groups examined, except in over 55 yrs one.
              Article 0 comments Cited 71 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Mario André Leocadio-Miguel:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7248-3529
                mmiguel@cb.ufrn.br
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Rep
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Rep
                Title: Scientific Reports
                Publisher: Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2045-2322
                Publication date (Electronic): 14 July 2017
                Publication date PMC-release: 14 July 2017
                Publication date Collection: 2017
                Volume: 7
                Electronic Location Identifier: 5437
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0000 9687 399X, GRID grid.411233.6, , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Fisiologia, ; Natal, Brazil
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 1941 472X, GRID grid.20736.30, , Universidade Federal do Paraná, Departamento de Fisiologia, ; Curitiba, Brazil
                [3 ]GRID grid.440585.8, , Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Centro de Ciência da Saúde, ; Santo Antônio de Jesus, Brazil
                [4 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1937 0722, GRID grid.11899.38, , Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, ; São Paulo, Brazil
                [5 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2134 6519, GRID grid.411221.5, , Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Departamento de Farmacologia e Fisiologia, ; Pelotas, Brazil
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7248-3529
                Article
                Publisher ID: 5797
                DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05797-w
                PMC ID: 5511182
                PubMed ID: 28710358
                SO-VID: c683d091-b4fe-4c68-92e9-d01968538091
                Copyright © © The Author(s) 2017
                License:

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                Date received : 15 February 2017
                Date accepted : 2 June 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Article
                Custom metadata
                issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2017

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
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