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      Verapamil Improves the Activity of Bedaquiline against Mycobacterium abscessus In Vitro and in Macrophages

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          ABSTRACT

          Due to intrinsic multidrug resistance, pulmonary infections with Mycobacterium abscessus are extremely difficult to treat. Previously, we demonstrated that bedaquiline is highly effective against Mycobacterium abscessus both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we report that verapamil improves the efficacy of bedaquiline activity against M. abscessus clinical isolates and low-level resistant strains, both in vitro and in macrophages. Verapamil may have clinical potential as adjunctive therapy provided that sufficiently high doses can be safely achieved.

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          Mycobacterium abscessus cording prevents phagocytosis and promotes abscess formation.

          Mycobacterium abscessus is a rapidly growing Mycobacterium causing a wide spectrum of clinical syndromes. It now is recognized as a pulmonary pathogen to which cystic fibrosis patients have a particular susceptibility. The M. abscessus rough (R) variant, devoid of cell-surface glycopeptidolipids (GPLs), causes more severe clinical disease than the smooth (S) variant, but the underlying mechanisms of R-variant virulence remain obscure. Exploiting the optical transparency of zebrafish embryos, we observed that the increased virulence of the M. abscessus R variant compared with the S variant correlated with the loss of GPL production. The virulence of the R variant involved the massive production of serpentine cords, absent during S-variant infection, and the cords initiated abscess formation leading to rapid larval death. Cording occurred within the vasculature and was highly pronounced in the central nervous system (CNS). It appears that M. abscessus is transported to the CNS within macrophages. The release of M. abscessus from apoptotic macrophages initiated the formation of cords that grew too large to be phagocytized by macrophages or neutrophils. This study is a description of the crucial role of cording in the in vivo physiopathology of M. abscessus infection and emphasizes cording as a mechanism of immune evasion.
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            Chronic Mycobacterium abscessus infection and lung function decline in cystic fibrosis.

            Although nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are recognized pathogens in cystic fibrosis (CF), associations with clinical outcomes remain unclear. Microbiological data was obtained from 1216 CF patients over 8years (481+/-55patients/year). Relationships to clinical outcomes were examined in the subset (n=271, 203+/-23 patients/year) with longitudinal data. Five hundred thirty-six of 4862 (11%) acid-fast bacilli (AFB) cultures grew NTM, with Mycobacterium abscessus (n=298, 55.6%) and Mycobacterium avium complex (n=190, 35.4%) most common. Associated bacterial cultures grew Stenotrophomonas or Aspergillus species more often when NTM were isolated (18.2% vs. 8.4% and 13.9% vs. 7.2%, respectively, p<0.01). After controlling for confounders, patients with chronic M. abscessus infection had greater rates of lung function decline than those with no NTM infection (-2.52 vs. -1.64% predicted FEV(1)/year, p<0.05). NTM infection is common in CF and associated with particular pathogens. Chronic M. abscessus infection is associated with increased lung function decline. Copyright (c) 2009 European Cystic Fibrosis Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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              US Cystic Fibrosis Foundation and European Cystic Fibrosis Society consensus recommendations for the management of non-tuberculous mycobacteria in individuals with cystic fibrosis: executive summary

              Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous environmental organisms that can cause chronic pulmonary infection, particularly in individuals with pre-existing inflammatory lung disease, such as cystic fibrosis (CF). Pulmonary disease (PD) caused by NTM has emerged as a major threat to the health of individuals with CF, but remains difficult to diagnose and problematic to treat. In response to this challenge, the US Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF) and the European Cystic Fibrosis Society (ECFS) convened a panel of 19 experts to develop consensus recommendations for the screening, investigation, diagnosis and management of NTM-PD in individuals with CF. PICO (population, intervention, comparison, outcome) methodology and systematic literature reviews were employed to inform draft recommendations, which were then modified to achieve consensus and subsequently circulated for public consultation within the USA and European CF communities. We have thus generated a series of pragmatic, evidence-based recommendations as an initial step in optimising management for this challenging condition.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
                Antimicrob Agents Chemother
                American Society for Microbiology
                0066-4804
                1098-6596
                September 2019
                August 23 2019
                June 17 2019
                : 63
                : 9
                Article
                10.1128/AAC.00705-19
                6709475
                31209005
                c6a4e12b-afed-42f4-97c2-a4e1bd8c82ca
                © 2019
                History

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