Why India is struggling to feed their young children? A qualitative analysis for tribal communities

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Abstract

Objective

This interdisciplinary qualitative study aims to explore the health, education, engineering and environment factors impacting on feeding practices in rural India. The ultimate goal of the Participatory Approach for Nutrition in Children: Strengthening Health Education Engineering and Environment Linkages project is to identify challenges and opportunities for improvement to subsequently develop socioculturally appropriate, tailored, innovative interventions for the successful implementation of appropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices locally.

Design

Qualitative research method, involving five phases: (1) identification of local feeding practices; (2) identification of the local needs and opportunities for children aged 6–24 months; and (3–5) analysis of the gathered qualitative data, intervention design, review and distribution.

Setting

Nine villages in two community development blocks, that is, Ghatol and Kushalgarh, located in the Banswara district in Rajasthan, India.

Participants

68 participants completed semistructured interviews or focus group discussions including: mothers, grandmothers, auxiliary nurse midwife, Anganwadi worker, ASHA Sahyogini, school teachers and local elected representative.

Phenomenon of interest

IYCF practices and the factors associated with it.

Analysis

Thematic analysis.

Results

Our results could be broadly categorised into two domains: (1) the current practices of IYCF and (2) the key drivers and challenges of IYCF. We explicate the complex phenomena and emergent model focusing on: mother’s role and autonomy, knowledge and attitude towards feeding of young children, availability of services and resources that shape these practices set against the context of agriculture and livelihood patterns and its contribution to availability of food as well as on migration cycles thereby affecting the lives of ‘left behind’, and access to basic health, education and infrastructure services.

Conclusions

This interdisciplinary and participatory study explored determinants impacting feeding practices across political, village and household environments. These results shaped the process for cocreation of our context-specific intervention package.

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Most cited references 19

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Is Open Access

Saturation in qualitative research: exploring its conceptualization and operationalization

Benjamin Saunders, Julius Sim, Tom Kingstone … (2017)

Saturation has attained widespread acceptance as a methodological principle in qualitative research. It is commonly taken to indicate that, on the basis of the data that have been collected or analysed hitherto, further data collection and/or analysis are unnecessary. However, there appears to be uncertainty as to how saturation should be conceptualized, and inconsistencies in its use. In this paper, we look to clarify the nature, purposes and uses of saturation, and in doing so add to theoretical debate on the role of saturation across different methodologies. We identify four distinct approaches to saturation, which differ in terms of the extent to which an inductive or a deductive logic is adopted, and the relative emphasis on data collection, data analysis, and theorizing. We explore the purposes saturation might serve in relation to these different approaches, and the implications for how and when saturation will be sought. In examining these issues, we highlight the uncertain logic underlying saturation—as essentially a predictive statement about the unobserved based on the observed, a judgement that, we argue, results in equivocation, and may in part explain the confusion surrounding its use. We conclude that saturation should be operationalized in a way that is consistent with the research question(s), and the theoretical position and analytic framework adopted, but also that there should be some limit to its scope, so as not to risk saturation losing its coherence and potency if its conceptualization and uses are stretched too widely.

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Mixed methods research

Elizabeth J Halcomb, Louise Hickman (2015)

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Negotiated Identities: Male Migration and Left-Behind Wives in India.

Sonalde Desai, Manjistha Banerji (2008)

This paper examines the impact of husbands' migration on the lives of women left behind. Using data from the India Human Development Survey 2005, we focus on two dimensions of women's lives: women's autonomy and control over their lives; and women's labour force participation. Results suggest that household structure forms the key mediating factor through which husbands' absence affects women. Women not residing in extended families are faced with both higher levels of responsibilities and greater autonomy, while women who live in extended households do not experience these demands or benefits.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMJ Open

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMJ Open

Journal ID (hwp): bmjopen

Journal ID (publisher-id): bmjopen

Title: BMJ Open

Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group (BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR )

ISSN (Electronic): 2044-6055

Publication date Collection: 2022

Publication date (Electronic): 27 July 2022

Volume: 12

Issue: 7

Electronic Location Identifier: e051558

Affiliations

[1 ]departmentDepartment of Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , University College London , London, UK

[2 ]Whittington Health NHS Trust , London, UK

[3 ]Save The Children , Gurugram, India

[4 ]departmentInstitute of Education , University College London , London, UK

[5 ]Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , New Delhi, India

[6 ]departmentSave the Children , Rajasthan State Programme Office , Jaipur, India

[7 ]departmentDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health , University College London Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care , London, UK

[8 ]Aceso Global Health Consultants , London, UK

[9 ]Save the Children , Rajasthan, India

[10 ]departmentEngineering for International Development Centre, Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction , University College London Faculty of the Built Environment , London, UK

Author notes

[Correspondence to ] Professor Monica Lakhanpaul; m.lakhanpaul@ 123456ucl.ac.uk

Author information

Monica Lakhanpaul http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9855-2043

Shereen Allaham http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0275-3228

Priti Parikh http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-4190

Article

Publisher ID: bmjopen-2021-051558

DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051558

PMC ID: 9341212

PubMed ID: 35902199

SO-VID: c8798d4a-4cdf-4938-9707-f940b1604ee1

License:

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

History

Date received : 06 May 2021

Date accepted : 03 July 2022

Funding

Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000265, Medical Research Council;

Award ID: MR/P024114/1

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine

Keywords: nutrition & dietetics,community child health,public health

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ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine

Keywords: nutrition & dietetics, community child health, public health

Why India is struggling to feed their young children? A qualitative analysis for tribal communities

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Abstract

Objective

Design

Setting

Participants

Phenomenon of interest

Analysis

Results

Conclusions

Related collections

UCL: UN SDG 03 Good Health and Well-Being

Most cited references 19

Saturation in qualitative research: exploring its conceptualization and operationalization

Mixed methods research

Negotiated Identities: Male Migration and Left-Behind Wives in India.

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