The External Dimension of EU Migration Policy

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Abstract

The policies relating to the management of migration - control of external borders, asylum and immigration have been, as is well known, sovereign prerogatives for excellence. The long-standing refuse of the EU Member States to provide them to a supranational government is a clear evidence of that. Determined to retain the exclusive control over the migrants, States have continued, to handle the situation. This paper aims to reconstruct the foundations of the external dimension of EU migration policy, in order to highlight its complexity, resulting from the global scope of the problem and by its sensitive nature. If the global reach of migration invites the adoption of a coherent strategy that, gives substantial and structural interdependence between internal and external dimensions, allows to strengthen the Union’s credibility on the international stage, the sensitive nature of migration policy confirms ‘the opportunity to implement flexible solutions suitable to shape the criterion of added value. Defining the conditions of consistency and flexibility to which the Union’s external action can bring the management of migration - a management which will pursue all objectives of the EU’s migration policy in accordance with the its principles, such as solidarity and the protection of fundamental rights - is the focus of this paper.

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The Mediterranean model of immigration

Enrico Pugliese (2011)

The countries of Southern Europe – Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain – have become in the last decades countries of immigration, while they are still areas of emigration even thug with a substant reduction of the emigration flows. The patterns of immigration in these countries have several common features. First af all immigration started in all countries in the same period (the 1970ties). Secondly they receive immigratns from many, also very distant, places. Thirdly there is a high presence of female immigrants, that is often above 59% of the total immigrant flow. Fourtly in all these countries – contray to the intraeuropean migrations of the ‘fifties and of the ‘sixties - immigrants have found occupation in the service sector, in agricolture and not so often in industry. Female employment in the services is the most important feature of this immigration: female immigrants work mostly as cleaners and in general in domestic work and now, more and more frequently, in the area of care for the elderly. Also the immigration policies in these countries are similar with closed borders and consequent illegal immigration and the practice of amnesty laws. Because of all these common characterics the article puts forward the hipothesis of the existence of a mediterranean model of immigration.