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      A qualitative systematic review on the lived experience of men in nursing

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          Abstract

          Aim

          This qualitative systematic review was conducted to describe the lived experience of men in nursing.

          Design

          A systematic review of qualitative studies.

          Methods

          Five databases (Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase) were systematically searched. The PRISMA guideline was used for reporting the literature search in different phases, and the Critical Appraisal Skills Program, a qualitative research checklist, was used to evaluate the studies that met the inclusion criteria. Thomas and Harden's thematic analysis approach for qualitative research was used for data synthesis.

          Results

          Six qualitative studies were included. Five analytical themes related to lived experiences of men in nursing emerged: value in nursing, the double‐edged sword of gender, being accepted in the nursing profession, attractions of nursing and coping strategies.

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          Most cited references38

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          Methods for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research in systematic reviews

          James Thomas, Angela Harden (2008)
          Background There is a growing recognition of the value of synthesising qualitative research in the evidence base in order to facilitate effective and appropriate health care. In response to this, methods for undertaking these syntheses are currently being developed. Thematic analysis is a method that is often used to analyse data in primary qualitative research. This paper reports on the use of this type of analysis in systematic reviews to bring together and integrate the findings of multiple qualitative studies. Methods We describe thematic synthesis, outline several steps for its conduct and illustrate the process and outcome of this approach using a completed review of health promotion research. Thematic synthesis has three stages: the coding of text 'line-by-line'; the development of 'descriptive themes'; and the generation of 'analytical themes'. While the development of descriptive themes remains 'close' to the primary studies, the analytical themes represent a stage of interpretation whereby the reviewers 'go beyond' the primary studies and generate new interpretive constructs, explanations or hypotheses. The use of computer software can facilitate this method of synthesis; detailed guidance is given on how this can be achieved. Results We used thematic synthesis to combine the studies of children's views and identified key themes to explore in the intervention studies. Most interventions were based in school and often combined learning about health benefits with 'hands-on' experience. The studies of children's views suggested that fruit and vegetables should be treated in different ways, and that messages should not focus on health warnings. Interventions that were in line with these suggestions tended to be more effective. Thematic synthesis enabled us to stay 'close' to the results of the primary studies, synthesising them in a transparent way, and facilitating the explicit production of new concepts and hypotheses. Conclusion We compare thematic synthesis to other methods for the synthesis of qualitative research, discussing issues of context and rigour. Thematic synthesis is presented as a tried and tested method that preserves an explicit and transparent link between conclusions and the text of primary studies; as such it preserves principles that have traditionally been important to systematic reviewing.
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            Contextual supports and barriers to career choice: A social cognitive analysis.

            Gail Hackett, Steven D. Brown, Robert W. Lent (2000)
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              Health worker motivation in Africa: the role of non-financial incentives and human resource management tools

              Inke Mathauer, Ingo Imhoff (2006)
              Background There is a serious human resource crisis in the health sector in developing countries, particularly in Africa. One of the challenges is the low motivation of health workers. Experience and the evidence suggest that any comprehensive strategy to maximize health worker motivation in a developing country context has to involve a mix of financial and non-financial incentives. This study assesses the role of non-financial incentives for motivation in two cases, in Benin and Kenya. Methods The study design entailed semi-structured qualitative interviews with doctors and nurses from public, private and NGO facilities in rural areas. The selection of health professionals was the result of a layered sampling process. In Benin 62 interviews with health professionals were carried out; in Kenya 37 were obtained. Results from individual interviews were backed up with information from focus group discussions. For further contextual information, interviews with civil servants in the Ministry of Health and at the district level were carried out. The interview material was coded and quantitative data was analysed with SPSS software. Results and discussion The study shows that health workers overall are strongly guided by their professional conscience and similar aspects related to professional ethos. In fact, many health workers are demotivated and frustrated precisely because they are unable to satisfy their professional conscience and impeded in pursuing their vocation due to lack of means and supplies and due to inadequate or inappropriately applied human resources management (HRM) tools. The paper also indicates that even some HRM tools that are applied may adversely affect the motivation of health workers. Conclusion The findings confirm the starting hypothesis that non-financial incentives and HRM tools play an important role with respect to increasing motivation of health professionals. Adequate HRM tools can uphold and strengthen the professional ethos of doctors and nurses. This entails acknowledging their professionalism and addressing professional goals such as recognition, career development and further qualification. It must be the aim of human resources management/quality management (HRM/QM) to develop the work environment so that health workers are enabled to meet their personal and the organizational goals.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Thitinut Akkadechanunt: thitinut.a@cmu.ac.th
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nurs Open
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Nurs Open
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1002/(ISSN)2054-1058
                Journal ID (publisher-id): NOP2
                Title: Nursing Open
                Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2054-1058
                Publication date (Electronic): 05 June 2022
                Publication date Collection: September 2022
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 5 ( doiID: 10.1002/nop2.v9.5 )
                Pages: 2263-2276
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College Wuhu China
                [ 2 ] Faculty of Nursing Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Thitinut Akkadechanunt, Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, 110/406 Inthawaroros Road, Suthep District, Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand.

                Email: thitinut.a@ 123456cmu.ac.th

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7577-5287
                Article
                Publisher ID: NOP21269 Other ID: NOP-2021-Jul-1268.R3
                DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1269
                PMC ID: 9374391
                PubMed ID: 35666064
                SO-VID: cac02bde-1d40-459f-9980-19b7516dfce8
                Copyright © © 2022 The Authors. Nursing Open published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
                License:

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date revision received : 15 March 2022
                Date received : 30 July 2021
                Date accepted : 15 May 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 4, Pages: 14, Words: 7409
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article
                Subject: Review Articles
                Custom metadata
                source-schema-version-number 2.0
                cover-date September 2022
                details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.1.7 mode:remove_FC converted:12.08.2022

                Keywords: lived experience,male nurses,men in nursing,qualitative research,systematic review
                Data availability:
                Keywords: lived experience, male nurses, men in nursing, qualitative research, systematic review

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