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      Vitamin D Deficiency in Testicular Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review

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          Abstract

          Testicular cancer (TC) is the most frequent tumor in young males. In the vast majority of cases, it is a curable disease; therefore, very often patients experience a long survival, also due to their young age at diagnosis. In the last decades, the role of the vitamin D deficiency related to orchiectomy has become an increasingly debated topic. Indeed, vitamin D is essential in bone metabolism and many other metabolic pathways, so its deficiency could lead to various metabolic disorders especially in long-term TC survivors. In our article, we report data from studies that evaluated the incidence of hypovitaminosis D in TC survivors compared with cohorts of healthy peers and we discuss molecular mechanisms and clinical implications.

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          The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews

          Matthew J L Page, Joanne E McKenzie, Patrick Bossuyt … (2024)
          The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, published in 2009, was designed to help systematic reviewers transparently report why the review was done, what the authors did, and what they found. Over the past decade, advances in systematic review methodology and terminology have necessitated an update to the guideline. The PRISMA 2020 statement replaces the 2009 statement and includes new reporting guidance that reflects advances in methods to identify, select, appraise, and synthesise studies. The structure and presentation of the items have been modified to facilitate implementation. In this article, we present the PRISMA 2020 27-item checklist, an expanded checklist that details reporting recommendations for each item, the PRISMA 2020 abstract checklist, and the revised flow diagrams for original and updated reviews.
          Article 0 comments Cited 12714 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline.

            Michael Holick, Neil C Binkley, Heike Bischoff-Ferrari … (2011)
            The objective was to provide guidelines to clinicians for the evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency with an emphasis on the care of patients who are at risk for deficiency. The Task Force was composed of a Chair, six additional experts, and a methodologist. The Task Force received no corporate funding or remuneration. Consensus was guided by systematic reviews of evidence and discussions during several conference calls and e-mail communications. The draft prepared by the Task Force was reviewed successively by The Endocrine Society's Clinical Guidelines Subcommittee, Clinical Affairs Core Committee, and cosponsoring associations, and it was posted on The Endocrine Society web site for member review. At each stage of review, the Task Force received written comments and incorporated needed changes. Considering that vitamin D deficiency is very common in all age groups and that few foods contain vitamin D, the Task Force recommended supplementation at suggested daily intake and tolerable upper limit levels, depending on age and clinical circumstances. The Task Force also suggested the measurement of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level by a reliable assay as the initial diagnostic test in patients at risk for deficiency. Treatment with either vitamin D(2) or vitamin D(3) was recommended for deficient patients. At the present time, there is not sufficient evidence to recommend screening individuals who are not at risk for deficiency or to prescribe vitamin D to attain the noncalcemic benefit for cardiovascular protection.
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              Distribution of the vitamin D receptor and 1 alpha-hydroxylase in human brain.

              Darryl W. Eyles, Steven Smith, Robert Kinobe … (2005)
              Despite a growing body of evidence that Vitamin D is involved in mammalian brain functioning, there has been a lack of direct evidence about its role in the human brain. This paper reports, for the first time, the distribution of the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor (VDR), and 1alpha-hydroxylase (1alpha-OHase), the enzyme responsible for the formation of the active vitamin in the human brain. The receptor and the enzyme were found in both neurons and glial cells in a regional and layer-specific pattern. The VDR was restricted to the nucleus whilst 1alpha-OHase was distributed throughout the cytoplasm. The distribution of the VDR in human brain was strikingly similar to that reported in rodents. Many regions contained equivalent amounts of both the VDR and 1alpha-OHase, however the macrocellular cells within the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) and the Purkinje cells in the cerebellum expressed 1alpha-OHase in the absence of VDR. The strongest immunohistochemical staining for both the receptor and enzyme was in the hypothalamus and in the large (presumably dopaminergic) neurons within the substantia nigra. The observed distribution of the VDR is consistent with the proposal that Vitamin D operates in a similar fashion to the known neurosteroids. The widespread distribution of 1alpha-OHase and the VDR suggests that Vitamin D may have autocrine/paracrine properties in the human brain.
              Article 0 comments Cited 415 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Marco Barchi: Role: Academic Editor
                Paolo Chieffi: Role: Academic Editor
                Andrea Garolla: Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Mol Sci
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Mol Sci
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ijms
                Title: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1422-0067
                Publication date (Electronic): 13 May 2021
                Publication date Collection: May 2021
                Volume: 22
                Issue: 10
                Electronic Location Identifier: 5145
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy; caterina.gianni@ 123456irst.emr.it (C.G.); sara.bleve@ 123456irst.emr.it (S.B.); cecilia.menna@ 123456irst.emr.it (C.M.); cristian.lolli@ 123456irst.emr.it (C.L.); alessia.filograna@ 123456irst.emr.it (A.F.); vincenza.conteduca@ 123456irst.emr.it (V.C.); chiara.casadei@ 123456irst.emr.it (C.C.); giovanni.rosti@ 123456irst.emr.it (G.R.); ugo.degiorgi@ 123456irst.emr.it (U.D.G.)
                [2 ]Psycho-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy; silvia.depadova@ 123456irst.emr.it
                [3 ]Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy; milena.urbini@ 123456irst.emr.it
                [4 ]Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy; valentina.galla@ 123456irst.emr.it
                Author notes
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9973-4869
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0932-7697
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6921-714X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3364-9098
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2467-749X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7520-2908
                Article
                Publisher ID: ijms-22-05145
                DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105145
                PMC ID: 8152282
                PubMed ID: 34067977
                SO-VID: cad04480-79f7-421d-b3f9-30564bc92006
                Copyright © © 2021 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 24 April 2021
                Date accepted : 10 May 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: testicular cancer,vitamin d,deficiency,long-term,survivors
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular biology
                Keywords: testicular cancer, vitamin d, deficiency, long-term, survivors

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