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      CO2 laser irradiation for debonding ceramic orthodontic brackets

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          Abstract

          Abstract This study evaluated shear bond strength (SBS), adhesive remnant index (ARI) and fracture mode of chemically and mechanically retained ceramic brackets bonded with different composite resins and irradiated with CO2 laser. The null hypothesis was that ceramic brackets bonded with different composite resins and irradiated with CO2 laser would have similar SBS values. Ninety human premolars were divided into four experimental groups according to the combination of type of composite resin (Transbond XT and Z 250) and type of ceramic bracket (Fascination and Mystique), and two control groups (n=15). In the four experimental groups, the brackets were irradiated with CO2 laser at 10 W for 3 seconds before SBS testing. Enamel surface ARI was calculated after debonding under electron microscopy scanning. ANOVA and the Mann-Whitney test were used for statistical analysis. The laser groups had lower SBS values than the non-irradiated groups (control) (p<0.05). The mechanically retained brackets (Mystique) had the higher (p<0.05) and Z250 had the lower SBS values after CO2 laser irradiation. The groups bonded with Z250 had the highest ARI. Adhesive fractures were the most prevalent. The null hypothesis was rejected. CO2 laser decreased SBS efficiently and facilitated debonding of mechanically and chemically retained ceramic brackets.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a resistência de união ao cisalhamento da colagem (RCC), o índice de remanescente de adesivo (IRA) e o modo de fratura de bráquetes cerâmicos com retenção química e mecânica colados com diferentes compositos e irradiados com laser de CO2. A hipótese nula testada foi que bráquetes colados com diferentes compósitos e irradiados com laser de CO2 apresentam valores semelhantes de RCC. Noventa pré-molares humanos foram divididos em 6 grupos (n=15): 2 controles e 4 experimentais que se diferenciaram pelo tipo de bráquete ceramic (Fascination and Mystique) e pelo compósito de fixação (Transbond XT e Z 250). Nos quatro grupos experimentais, os bráquetes foram irradiados com laser de CO2 com 10W por 3 segundos anteriormente ao teste de RCC. O IRA das superficies de esmalte foram avaliados após a descolagem e submetidos a análise em microscopia electrônica de varredura (MEV). Para análise estatística foram utilizados ANOVA e o teste de mann-Whitney. Os grupos laser mostraram valores de RCC menores que os grupos não irradiados (controles) (p<0.05). Os bráquetes com retenção mecânica (Mystique) mostraram alta RCC (p<0.05) e o compósito Z 250 obteve os mais baixos valores de RCC após irradiação com laser. Os grupos colados com o compósito Z 250 apresentaram os mais altos escores do IRA. O modo de fratura mais prevalente foi a adesiva. A hipótese nula foi rejeitada. O laser de CO2 foi eficaz para diminuir os valores de RCC e facilitou a descolagem dos bráquetes cerâmicos de retenção química e mecânica

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          Most cited references25

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          Clinical trials with crystal growth conditioning as an alternative to acid-etch enamel pretreatment.

          It has been claimed that different ion solutions containing sulfate induce crystal growth and might be a better alternative than conventional acid etching for enamel pretreatment in bracket bonding. It should thus combine optimal bond strength with easy and quick debonding. Two clinical experiments were performed to test this hypothesis. The first experiment dealt with the debonding procedure. Following conditioning with dilute sulfuric acid which contained sodium sulfate (to be termed solution A) on one side of the mouth and etching with 37% phosphoric acid on the other, brackets were bonded on the maxillary and mandibular incisors of twenty dental nurse students. Debracketing and a subsequent cleanup procedure were performed after 2 days. The mode of loosening was mainly between the enamel surface and adhesive on the crystal-growth-conditioned teeth and between the bracket mesh and adhesive on the teeth etched with phosphoric acid. This difference in mode of loosening was statistically significant (P less than 0.001). In the second experiment, which dealt with the clinical bond strength, 250 brackets were bonded in forty patients. One side served as a control and was conventionally acid etched. On the experimental side conditioning was done with solution A in thirty patients. In ten patients, 10% phosphoric acid was added to the dilute sulfuric acid used (to be termed solution B). Failure rates and modes of failure were recorded for a 6-month period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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            Pulp response to externally applied heat

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              Bond strength and debonding characteristics of a new ceramic bracket.

              The purposes of this study were to evaluate the shear bond strength of a new collapsible monocrystalline bracket (Inspire, Ormco, Orange, Calif) and compare it with another collapsible ceramic bracket (Clarity, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) and a metal bracket; to examine the modes of failure after shear bond strength testing; and to observe the tooth surface after debonding the ceramic brackets with pliers. One hundred extracted human premolars were selected for bonding. Three types of brackets and 2 orthodontic adhesives (Transbond XT, 3M Unitek; and Enlight, Ormco) were used. After bonding, all samples were placed in a distilled water bath at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. The shear bond strength of 60 samples was measured, and the remaining 40 samples with ceramic brackets were debonded with pliers. No statistically significant differences in bond strengths among the different combinations of brackets and adhesives were found (P > .05). The mode of failure after debonding by either shear bond strength testing or with pliers was predominantly at the bracket/adhesive interface in all groups. Enamel and bracket fractures were noted in 2 and 5 of 20 samples for Inspire, and 1 and 0 of 20 samples for Clarity after debonding with pliers. Bond strength and mode of failure of Inspire were similar to those of Clarity, but the risk of bracket fracture after debonding for Inspire was greater.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bdj
                Brazilian Dental Journal
                Braz. Dent. J.
                Fundação Odontológica de Ribeirão Preto (Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil )
                0103-6440
                1806-4760
                April 2021
                : 32
                : 2
                : 45-52
                Affiliations
                [1] Patos de Minas MG orgnameUniversity Center of Patos de Minas orgdiv1School of Dentistry Brasil
                [2] Ribeirão Preto São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto orgdiv2Department of Child Clinic Brazil
                Article
                S0103-64402021000200045 S0103-6440(21)03200200045
                10.1590/0103-6440202104077
                cb1ed456-f301-45d7-a63c-52c8c0c02f63

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 November 2020
                : 28 October 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Article

                CO2 laser,shear bond strength,orthodontic,ceramic brackets

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