Treatment and application of stem cells from different sources for cartilage injury: a literature review

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Abstract

Background and Objective

Cartilage defects and degeneration have a major impact on daily mobility and quality of life for millions of people worldwide. As the most effective seed cells for tissue engineering applications in regenerative medicine, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent cells with mesoderm and neural crest origin. The combination of biomaterial scaffolds with stem cells and drugs for cartilage damage repair has brought much hope to the medical field.

Methods

We searched and compared the literature on cartilage damage repaired by stem cells through PubMed and Web of Science method, this review summarizes the research progress of mesenchymal stem cells from various tissue sources in repairing articular cartilage injury.

Key Content and Findings

We found that peripheral blood, bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord are classic stem cell sources. Stem cells can be stimulated by various growth factors, recombinant proteins, or important monomers to generate cartilage in vitro. At the same time, MSCs obtained from various sources can secrete different growth factors to further regulate their own cartilage formation. These stem cells may promote the cartilage damage repair by promoting differentiation and fighting inflammation.

Conclusions

This review summarizes and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the ability of MSCs from different sources to treat cartilage injury, and provides help and identification for the subsequent in-depth research and preclinical application of various MSCs.

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Most cited references 121

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Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement.

M Dominici, K Le Blanc, I. Mueller … (2006)

The considerable therapeutic potential of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) has generated markedly increasing interest in a wide variety of biomedical disciplines. However, investigators report studies of MSC using different methods of isolation and expansion, and different approaches to characterizing the cells. Thus it is increasingly difficult to compare and contrast study outcomes, which hinders progress in the field. To begin to address this issue, the Mesenchymal and Tissue Stem Cell Committee of the International Society for Cellular Therapy proposes minimal criteria to define human MSC. First, MSC must be plastic-adherent when maintained in standard culture conditions. Second, MSC must express CD105, CD73 and CD90, and lack expression of CD45, CD34, CD14 or CD11b, CD79alpha or CD19 and HLA-DR surface molecules. Third, MSC must differentiate to osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondroblasts in vitro. While these criteria will probably require modification as new knowledge unfolds, we believe this minimal set of standard criteria will foster a more uniform characterization of MSC and facilitate the exchange of data among investigators.

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Three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering applications: role of porosity and pore size.

Qiu Li Loh, Cleo Choong (2013)

Tissue engineering applications commonly encompass the use of three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds to provide a suitable microenvironment for the incorporation of cells or growth factors to regenerate damaged tissues or organs. These scaffolds serve to mimic the actual in vivo microenvironment where cells interact and behave according to the mechanical cues obtained from the surrounding 3D environment. Hence, the material properties of the scaffolds are vital in determining cellular response and fate. These 3D scaffolds are generally highly porous with interconnected pore networks to facilitate nutrient and oxygen diffusion and waste removal. This review focuses on the various fabrication techniques (e.g., conventional and rapid prototyping methods) that have been employed to fabricate 3D scaffolds of different pore sizes and porosity. The different pore size and porosity measurement methods will also be discussed. Scaffolds with graded porosity have also been studied for their ability to better represent the actual in vivo situation where cells are exposed to layers of different tissues with varying properties. In addition, the ability of pore size and porosity of scaffolds to direct cellular responses and alter the mechanical properties of scaffolds will be reviewed, followed by a look at nature's own scaffold, the extracellular matrix. Overall, the limitations of current scaffold fabrication approaches for tissue engineering applications and some novel and promising alternatives will be highlighted.

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Treatment of Deep Cartilage Defects in the Knee with Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation

Mats Brittberg, Anders Lindahl, Anders N. Nilsson … (1994)

New England Journal of Medicine, 331(14), 889-895

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Ann Transl Med

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Ann Transl Med

Journal ID (publisher-id): ATM

Title: Annals of Translational Medicine

Publisher: AME Publishing Company

ISSN (Print): 2305-5839

ISSN (Electronic): 2305-5847

Publication date (Print and electronic): May 2022

Publication date (Print): May 2022

Volume: 10

Issue: 10

Electronic Location Identifier: 610

Affiliations

[1 ]deptGuangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital , Jinan University , Guangzhou, China;

[2 ]deptDepartment of Cardiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital , Jinan University , Guangzhou, China;

[3 ]deptDepartment of Neurology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital , Jinan University , Guangzhou, China;

[4 ]deptDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital , Jinan University , Guangzhou, China

Author notes

Contributions: (I) Conception and design: P Wang, S Zhang; (II) Administrative support: S Zhang; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: Q Meng; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: W Yuan; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: P Zhu; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors.

[#]

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Correspondence to: Pengzhen Wang. Research Associate, Guangzhou Institute of Traumatic Surgery, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, 396 Tongfu Zhong Road, Guangzhou 510220, China. Email: wang521jnu@ 123456163.com .

Article

Publisher ID: atm-10-10-610

DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-1715

PMC ID: 9201147

PubMed ID: 35722390

SO-VID: cc2cf18d-8498-4884-bf03-4e678c22e0e4

License:

Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.

Treatment and application of stem cells from different sources for cartilage injury: a literature review

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Abstract

Background and Objective

Methods

Key Content and Findings

Conclusions

Related collections

Stress signalling in stem cells

Most cited references 121

Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement.

Three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering applications: role of porosity and pore size.

Treatment of Deep Cartilage Defects in the Knee with Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation

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