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      Notes on the genus Xestopus from China, with description of a new species (Carabidae,Sphodrini, Dolichina)

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      ZooKeys
      Pensoft Publishers
      China, Dolichina , endophallus, key, new species, Xestopus

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          Abstract

          The genus Xestopus Andrewes, 1937 in China is reviewed, with the description of a new species: X. gutangensis Zhu & Kavanaugh, sp. nov. (type locality: Xizang: Mêdog, 29.46414°N, 95.73563°E ). The male of X. cyaneus Sciaky & Facchini, 1997 is described for the first time, and the first record of this species in Yunnan, China, represents an eastward range extension for the species. A key is provided for the eight known species of the genus.

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          A new subgenus Wraseellus of the genus Pterostichus Bonelli (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Pterostichini) and new species descriptions.

          A new subgenus Wraseiellus new subgenus (type species: Pterostichus andrewesi Jedlička 1931) of the genus Pterostichus from China is described. Eight species and one subspecies are recognized in the new subgenus including three new species and one new subspecies: Pt. (Wraseiellus) comatus new species (Guangxi: Maoershan, N25.87°, E110.42°), Pt. (Wraseiellus) crassiapex new species (Hubei: Tiechanghuang, N30.75°, E110.30°), Pt. (Wraseiellus) pseduodiversus new species (Yunnan: Luguhu, N27.63°, E100.82°), Pt. (Wraseiellus) stictopleurus cangshanensis new subspecies (Yunnan: Cangshan, N25.63°, E100.14°). Feronia crebrepunctata Straneo, 1937 is newly proposed as junior synonym of Pterostichus meyeri Jedlička, 1934. A key to all known species and subspecies, images of habitus and genitalia, and distribution maps are provided.
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            The genus Pterostichus in China II: the subgenus Circinatus Sciaky, a species revision and phylogeny (Carabidae, Pterostichini)

            Abstract All of the known species of the Chinese endemic subgenus Pterostichus ( Circinatus ) are revised, keyed, and illustrated. Eleven new species and one new subspecies are described: Pterostichus adelphus sp. n. (Sichuan: Meigu, N28.66°, E103.06°); Pterostichus ailaoicus sp. n. (Yunnan: Xinping, N23.94°, E101.50°); Pterostichus camelus sp. n. (Sichuan: Mianning, N28.97°, E102.16°); Pterostichus dimorphus sp. n. (Yunnan: Dayao, N26.08°, E101.03°); Pterostichus maitreya sp. n. (Guizhou: Fanjingshan, N27.90°, E108.70°); Pterostichus miao sp. n. (Guangxi: Maoershan, N25.87°, E110.41°); Pterostichus tumulus sp. n. (Guizhou: Fanjingshan, N27.90°, E108.70°); Pterostichus wangjiani sp. n. (Yunnan: Dongchuan, N26.08°, E102.87°); Pterostichus yan sp. n. (Hubei: Shennongjia, N31.47°, E110.39°); Pterostichus yuxiaodongi sp. n. (Sichuan: Wolong, N30.99°, E103.15°); Pterostichus zhygealu sp. n. (Sichuan: Meigu, N28.67°, E103.05°); and Pterostichus cavazzutianus mianningensis subsp. n. (Sichuan: Mianning, N28.97°, E102.16°). Pterostichus cavazzutianus is proposed as a replacement name for Pterostichus cavazuttii Allegro and Sciaky 2010, preoccupied by Pterostichus (Sinosteropus) barbarae cavazuttii Sciaky and Facchini 2003. A lectotype is designated for Pterostichus baenningeri Jedlička 1931. Two species, Pterostichus schuelkei Sciaky & Wrase and Pterostichus wenxianensis Allegro & Sciaky, are moved from the subgenus Circinatus to Morphohaptoderus . An infra-subgeneric taxonomy is proposed for the subgenus Circinatus with four species groups. The male endophallus characters for most species of Circinatus were well studied, with three types of endophallus defined. A phylogenetic analysis based on adult morphological characters confirmed the infra-subgeneric classification and clarified some of the relationships among species. Two main lineages within Circinatus were identified from the phylogenetic analyses. Three of the four species groups were monophyletic, whereas the fourth group was paraphyletic.
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              A new subgenus for “Acalathus” advena (LeConte, 1846) and the challenge of defining Calathina based on morphological characters (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Sphodrini)

              The taxonomic position of Pristodactyla advena LeConte, 1848 (= “Acalathus” advena in the sense of previous authors) is discussed in light of a novel review of the morphological characters of Calathina and closely related taxa. All Acalathus Semenov, 1889 species and all other Dolichina share the distinct character state of having the sensory pits of the apical gonocoxites reduced or absent, while these pits are well-developed in P. advena. Therefore, P. advena is moved into the genus Calathus Bonelli, 1810 (Calathina), where it is placed in the molecular phylogeny of Ruiz et al. (2010). This move necessitates the description of Certocalathus subgen. n. for this species. Diagnostic characters of the new subgenus with respect to other Calathina and Dolichina beetles are presented. Given the lack of any clear synapomorphies, the subtribe Calathina is not obviously defined by morphology alone. However, recent molecular phylogenies indicate its monophyly is highly likely and therefore diagnostic morphological characters are polythetic. The states of selected morphological characters in Calathina and Dolichina taxa are provided as a summary for this and future studies. 
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Zookeys
                Zookeys
                2
                urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:45048D35-BB1D-5CE8-9668-537E44BD4C7E
                urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91BD42D4-90F1-4B45-9350-EEF175B1727A
                ZooKeys
                Pensoft Publishers
                1313-2989
                1313-2970
                2021
                11 January 2021
                : 1009
                : 139-151
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
                [2 ] College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
                [3 ] Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences San Francisco United States of America
                [4 ] Research Professor, Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, USA San Francisco State University San Francisco United States of America
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Hongbin Liang ( lianghb@ 123456ioz.ac.cn )

                Academic editor: T. Assmann

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2139-6764
                Article
                61515
                10.3897/zookeys.1009.61515
                7813805
                ccd21e20-e90f-48ce-91ba-0689ad66a33d
                Pingzhou Zhu, David H. Kavanaugh, Hongbin Liang

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 01 December 2020
                : 27 December 2020
                Categories
                Research Article
                Carabidae
                Coleoptera
                Insecta
                Identification Key
                Systematics
                Taxonomy
                Neogene
                China
                Tibet

                Animal science & Zoology
                china, dolichina ,endophallus,key,new species, xestopus
                Animal science & Zoology
                china, dolichina , endophallus, key, new species, xestopus

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