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      International Journal of Nanomedicine (submit here)

      This international, peer-reviewed Open Access journal by Dove Medical Press focuses on the application of nanotechnology in diagnostics, therapeutics, and drug delivery systems throughout the biomedical field. Sign up for email alerts here.

      105,621 Monthly downloads/views I 7.033 Impact Factor I 10.9 CiteScore I 1.22 Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) I 1.032 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      Chlorotoxin-conjugated graphene oxide for targeted delivery of an anticancer drug

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          Abstract

          Current chemotherapy for glioma is rarely satisfactory due to low therapeutic efficiency and systemic side effects. We have developed a glioma-targeted drug delivery system based on graphene oxide. Targeted peptide chlorotoxin-conjugated graphene oxide (CTX-GO) sheets were successfully synthesized and characterized. Doxorubicin was loaded onto CTX-GO (CTX-GO/DOX) with high efficiency (570 mg doxorubicin per gram CTX-GO) via noncovalent interactions. Doxorubicin release was pH-dependent and showed sustained-release properties. Cytotoxicity experiments demonstrated that CTX-GO/DOX mediated the highest rate of death of glioma cells compared with free doxorubicin or graphene oxide loaded with doxorubicin only. Further, conjugation with chlorotoxin enhanced accumulation of doxorubicin within glioma cells. These findings indicate that CTX-GO is a promising platform for drug delivery and provide a rationale for developing a glioma-specific drug delivery system.

          Most cited references22

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          Biomedical Applications of Graphene

          He-Bai Shen, Liming Zhang, Min Liu … (2012)
          Graphene exhibits unique 2-D structure and exceptional phyiscal and chemical properties that lead to many potential applications. Among various applications, biomedical applications of graphene have attracted ever-increasing interests over the last three years. In this review, we present an overview of current advances in applications of graphene in biomedicine with focus on drug delivery, cancer therapy and biological imaging, together with a brief discussion on the challenges and perspectives for future research in this field.
          Article 0 comments Cited 220 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Folic Acid-conjugated Graphene Oxide loaded with Photosensitizers for Targeting Photodynamic Therapy

            Peng Huang, Dong-Cheng Xu, Jing Lin … (2011)
            Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as an alternative and promising noninvasive treatment for cancer as well as non-cancer diseases, which involves the uptake of photosensitizers (PSs) by cancer cells followed by irradiation. The use of nanomaterials as carriers of PSs is a very promising approach to improve the development of PDT in clinical medicine. In this study, a novel folic acid-conjugated graphene oxide (GO) was strategically designed and prepared as targeting drug delivery system to achieve higher specificity. The second generation photosensitizer (PS) Chlorin e6 (Ce6) was effectively loaded into the system via hydrophobic interactions and π-π stacking. The nanocarriers can significantly increase the accumulation of Ce6 in tumor cells and lead to a remarkable photodynamic efficacy on MGC803 cells upon irradiation. These suggested that folic acid-conjugated GO loaded Ce6 had great potential as effective drug delivery system in targeting PDT.
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              Graphene: a versatile nanoplatform for biomedical applications.

              Hao Hong, T. Nayak, Weibo Cai … (2012)
              Graphene, with its excellent physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, holds tremendous potential for a wide variety of biomedical applications. As research on graphene-based nanomaterials is still at a nascent stage due to the short time span since its initial report in 2004, a focused review on this topic is timely and necessary. In this feature review, we first summarize the results from toxicity studies of graphene and its derivatives. Although literature reports have mixed findings, we emphasize that the key question is not how toxic graphene itself is, but how to modify and functionalize it and its derivatives so that they do not exhibit acute/chronic toxicity, can be cleared from the body over time, and thereby can be best used for biomedical applications. We then discuss in detail the exploration of graphene-based nanomaterials for tissue engineering, molecular imaging, and drug/gene delivery applications. The future of graphene-based nanomaterials in biomedicine looks brighter than ever, and it is expected that they will find a wide range of biomedical applications with future research effort and interdisciplinary collaboration.
              Article 0 comments Cited 143 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Nanomedicine
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Nanomedicine
                Title: International Journal of Nanomedicine
                Publisher: Dove Medical Press
                ISSN (Print): 1176-9114
                ISSN (Electronic): 1178-2013
                Publication date Collection: 2014
                Publication date (Electronic): 18 March 2014
                Volume: 9
                Pages: 1433-1442
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Regeneration and Repair, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of The Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
                [2 ]School of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Qunyuan Xu, Regeneration and Repair, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Disease of The Ministry of Education, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 10 8391 1464, Fax +86 10 8391 1464, Email xuqy@ 123456ccmu.edu.cn
                Article
                Publisher ID: ijn-9-1433
                DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S58783
                PMC ID: 3964034
                PubMed ID: 24672236
                SO-VID: cd66ea4f-7351-42d1-9c31-95fdb1d70d78
                Copyright © © 2014 Wang et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License
                License:

                The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

                History
                Categories
                Subject: Original Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular medicine
                Keywords: glioma,nanosheet,ph-dependent,cytotoxicity
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Molecular medicine
                Keywords: glioma, nanosheet, ph-dependent, cytotoxicity

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