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      Aqueous Humor Cytokine Levels in Patients with Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy and Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

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          Abstract

          Purpose: To investigate the possible roles of various cytokines or growth factors in the pathogenesis of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by comparing aqueous humor levels of 14 cytokines between eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and those with neovascular AMD. Methods: Forty eyes from 40 patients with treatment-naïve exudative AMD consisting of 18 eyes with neovascular AMD and 22 eyes with PCV were studied. Twenty eyes from 20 patients with no retinal pathology who underwent cataract surgery served as controls. Aqueous humor samples were collected just before intravitreal ranibizumab injection in 40 eyes with exudative AMD and before cataract surgery in 20 control eyes. Concentrations of 14 cytokines were determined by chemiluminescence-based ELISA: interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, interferon-γ-inducible protein (IP)-10 and C-reactive protein (CRP). Results: After adjusting for gender, age and axial length, concentrations of CRP and IP-10 were significantly higher in eyes with neovascular AMD or PCV compared with control eyes (p < 0.05), and IP-10 levels were strongly associated with lesion size (p = 0.002). None of the 14 cytokines, including VEGF, were significantly different between eyes with neovascular AMD and those with PCV. Conclusion: Aqueous humor concentrations of CRP and IP-10 were elevated in eyes with PCV or neovascular AMD. IP-10 could be associated with the pathogenesis of neovascular AMD and PCV. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel

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          Clinical characteristics of exudative age-related macular degeneration in Japanese patients.

          Ichiro Maruko, Tomohiro Iida, Masaaki Saito … (2007)
          To clarify the clinical characteristics of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in Japanese patients. Retrospective, observational, consecutive case series. Two hundred and eighty-nine patients with neovascular AMD were examined. The authors classified the patients into three subtypes of neovascular AMD: polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP), and typical AMD. One hundred and fifty-eight patients (54.7%) were diagnosed with PCV and 102 patients (35.3%) with typical AMD. RAP was observed in 13 patients (4.5%). In 16 patients (5.5%), one eye had PCV and the other eye had typical AMD. Most patients with PCV and typical AMD had unilateral disease (81.6% and 94.1%, respectively) with a male preponderance (77.8% and 71.6%, respectively). Nine of 13 patients with RAP were female (69.2%). Patients with RAP were older (mean, 80.3 years for men and 75.3 years for women) than patients with other subtypes. Serous and hemorrhagic pigment epithelial detachment developed in 69 patients (43.7%) with PCV, 22 patients (21.6%) with typical AMD, and nine patients (69.2%) with RAP. In the patients with unilateral disease in each subtype, large drusen in the unaffected eye were seen in 24.0% with PCV, 30.2% with typical AMD, and 77.8% with RAP. Neovascular AMD in Japanese patients has different demographic features compared with that in White patients. In Japanese patients, there is a preponderance of PCV, male gender, unilaterality, and absence of drusen in the second eye, with the exception of RAP.
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            An animal model of age-related macular degeneration in senescent Ccl-2- or Ccr-2-deficient mice.

            William Kuziel, Barrett Rollins, E. Sakurai … (2003)
            The study and treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness, has been hampered by a lack of animal models. Here we report that mice deficient either in monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (Ccl-2; also known as MCP-1) or its cognate C-C chemokine receptor-2 (Ccr-2) develop cardinal features of AMD, including accumulation of lipofuscin in and drusen beneath the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), photoreceptor atrophy and choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Complement and IgG deposition in RPE and choroid accompanies senescence in this model, as in human AMD. RPE or choroidal endothelial production of Ccl-2 induced by complement C5a and IgG may mediate choroidal macrophage infiltration into aged wild-type choroids. Wild-type choroidal macrophages degrade C5 and IgG in eye sections of Ccl2(-/-) or Ccr2(-/-) mice. Impaired macrophage recruitment may allow accumulation of C5a and IgG, which induces vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production by RPE, possibly mediating development of CNV. These models implicate macrophage dysfunction in AMD pathogenesis and may be useful as a platform for validating therapies.
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              Do we need a new classification for choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration?

              Michael Engelbert, Sandrine A Zweifel, K. Bailey Freund (2010)
              Article 0 comments Cited 111 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): ORE
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Ophthalmic Res
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.0030-3747
                Title: Ophthalmic Research
                Publisher: S. Karger AG
                ISSN (Print): 0030-3747
                ISSN (Electronic): 1423-0259
                Publication date Subscription-year: 2015
                Publication date (Print): January 2015
                Publication date (Electronic): 29 November 2014
                Volume: 53
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 2-7
                Affiliations
                Departments of aOphthalmology, bImmunology and cEpigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
                Author notes
                *Yoichi Sakurada, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo-shi, Yamanashi 409-3898 (Japan), E-Mail sakurada@yamanashi.ac.jp
                Article
                Publisher ID: 365487 Other ID: Ophthalmic Res 2015;53:2-7
                DOI: 10.1159/000365487
                PubMed ID: 25472810
                SO-VID: cdb8213c-de8e-4448-ad80-6fb87b88c5f9
                Copyright © © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Date received : 23 January 2014
                Date accepted : 20 June 2014
                Page count
                Tables: 4, References: 32, Pages: 6
                Categories
                Subject: Original Paper

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Vision sciences,Ophthalmology & Optometry,Pathology
                Keywords: Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy,Age-related macular degeneration,Cytokines,Aqueous humor
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Vision sciences, Ophthalmology & Optometry, Pathology
                Keywords: Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, Age-related macular degeneration, Cytokines, Aqueous humor

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