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      An Outlook on Lithium Ion Battery Technology

      review-article
      ACS Central Science
      American Chemical Society

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          Abstract

          Lithium ion batteries as a power source are dominating in portable electronics, penetrating the electric vehicle market, and on the verge of entering the utility market for grid-energy storage. Depending on the application, trade-offs among the various performance parameters—energy, power, cycle life, cost, safety, and environmental impact—are often needed, which are linked to severe materials chemistry challenges. The current lithium ion battery technology is based on insertion-reaction electrodes and organic liquid electrolytes. With an aim to increase the energy density or optimize the other performance parameters, new electrode materials based on both insertion reaction and dominantly conversion reaction along with solid electrolytes and lithium metal anode are being intensively pursued. This article presents an outlook on lithium ion technology by providing first the current status and then the progress and challenges with the ongoing approaches. In light of the formidable challenges with some of the approaches, the article finally points out practically viable near-term strategies.

          Abstract

          An outlook on lithium ion battery technology is presented by providing the current status, the progress and challenges with ongoing approaches, and practically viable near-term strategies.

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          Most cited references23

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          High-performance lithium battery anodes using silicon nanowires.

          There is great interest in developing rechargeable lithium batteries with higher energy capacity and longer cycle life for applications in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles and implantable medical devices. Silicon is an attractive anode material for lithium batteries because it has a low discharge potential and the highest known theoretical charge capacity (4,200 mAh g(-1); ref. 2). Although this is more than ten times higher than existing graphite anodes and much larger than various nitride and oxide materials, silicon anodes have limited applications because silicon's volume changes by 400% upon insertion and extraction of lithium which results in pulverization and capacity fading. Here, we show that silicon nanowire battery electrodes circumvent these issues as they can accommodate large strain without pulverization, provide good electronic contact and conduction, and display short lithium insertion distances. We achieved the theoretical charge capacity for silicon anodes and maintained a discharge capacity close to 75% of this maximum, with little fading during cycling.
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            Li-ion battery materials: present and future

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ACS Cent Sci
                ACS Cent Sci
                oc
                acscii
                ACS Central Science
                American Chemical Society
                2374-7943
                2374-7951
                07 September 2017
                25 October 2017
                : 3
                : 10
                : 1063-1069
                Affiliations
                [1]Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
                Author notes
                [* ]Phone: (512) 471-1791. Fax: (512) 471-7681. E-mail: rmanth@ 123456mail.utexas.edu .
                Article
                10.1021/acscentsci.7b00288
                5658750
                29104922
                cdfd941f-4ab7-4134-a894-d3e556c6466e
                Copyright © 2017 American Chemical Society

                This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License, which permits copying and redistribution of the article or any adaptations for non-commercial purposes.

                History
                : 05 July 2017
                Categories
                Outlook
                Custom metadata
                oc7b00288
                oc-2017-002885

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