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      Voltammetric Determination of Penicillamine Using a Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes In the Presence of Methyldopa as a Mediator

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          Abstract

          A multiwall carbon nanotubes-modified carbon paste electrode (MWCNTs/MCPE) was fabricated and used to study the electrooxidation of penicillamine (PA) by electrochemical methods in the presence of methyldopa (MDOP) as a homogeneous mediator. The electrochemical oxidation of PA on the new sensor has been carefully studied. The kinetic parameters such as electron transfer coefficient, α, and catalytic reaction rate constant, K / h, were also determined using electrochemical approaches. The electrocatalytic oxidation peak current of PA showed a linear dependent on the PA concentrations and linear calibration curves were obtained in the ranges of 0.2-250.0 µM of PA concentration with square wave voltammetry (SWV) method. The detection limit (3σ) was determined as 0.1 µM. This sensor was also examined as a fast, selective, simple and precise new sensor for voltammetric determination of PA in real samples such as drug and urine.

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          Advances in carbon nanotube based electrochemical sensors for bioanalytical applications.

          Sandeep Kumar Vashist, Dan Zheng, Khalid Al-Rubeaan … (2015)
          Electrochemical (EC) sensing approaches have exploited the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as electrode materials owing to their unique structures and properties to provide strong electrocatalytic activity with minimal surface fouling. Nanofabrication and device integration technologies have emerged along with significant advances in the synthesis, purification, conjugation and biofunctionalization of CNTs. Such combined efforts have contributed towards the rapid development of CNT-based sensors for a plethora of important analytes with improved detection sensitivity and selectivity. The use of CNTs opens an opportunity for the direct electron transfer between the enzyme and the active electrode area. Of particular interest are also excellent electrocatalytic activities of CNTs on the redox reaction of hydrogen peroxide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, two major by-products of enzymatic reactions. This excellent electrocatalysis holds a promising future for the simple design and implementation of on-site biosensors for oxidases and dehydrogenases with enhanced selectivity. To date, the use of an anti-interference layer or an artificial electron mediator is critically needed to circumvent unwanted endogenous electroactive species. Such interfering species are effectively suppressed by using CNT based electrodes since the oxidation of NADH, thiols, hydrogen peroxide, etc. by CNTs can be performed at low potentials. Nevertheless, the major future challenges for the development of CNT-EC sensors include miniaturization, optimization and simplification of the procedure for fabricating CNT based electrodes with minimal non-specific binding, high sensitivity and rapid response followed by their extensive validation using "real world" samples. A high resistance to electrode fouling and selectivity are the two key pending issues for the application of CNT-based biosensors in clinical chemistry, food quality and control, waste water treatment and bioprocessing. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
          Article 0 comments Cited 69 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Nanomolar and selective determination of epinephrine in the presence of norepinephrine using carbon paste electrode modified with carbon nanotubes and novel 2-(4-oxo-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-quinazolinyl)-N'-phenyl-hydrazinecarbothioamide.

            Hojatollah Khabazzadeh, Hassan Karimi-Maleh, Hadi Beitollahi (2008)
            A novel modified carbon nanotube paste electrode of 2-(4-oxo-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-quinazolinyl)-N'-phenyl-hydrazinecarbothioamide (2PHC) was fabricated, and the electro-oxidation of epinephrine (EP), norepinephrine (NE), and their mixture has been studied using electrochemical methods. The modified electrode displayed strong catalytic function for the oxidation of EP and NE and resolved the overlap voltammetric response of EP and NE into two well-defined voltammetric peaks of about 240 mV with square wave voltammetry (SWV). A linear response in the range of (5 x 10(-8))-(5.5 x 10(-4)) M with a detection limit (S/N = 3) of 9.4 nM for EP was obtained.
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              Simultaneous determination of 6-mercaptopruine, 6-thioguanine and dasatinib as three important anticancer drugs using nanostructure voltammetric sensor employing Pt/MWCNTs and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluoro phosphate

              Reza Moradi, Khalil Tabatabaeian, Hassan Karimi-Maleh … (2016)
              6-Mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine and dasatinib are three important anticancer drugs with high adverse effects in human body. In this study, a Pt/MWCNTs-1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluoro phosphate-modified carbon paste electrode was developed for the simultaneously determination of 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine and dasatinib for the first time. The Pt/MWCNTs synthesized by polyol method and have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods. The obtained data revealed that the electro-oxidation of 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine and dasatinib is facilitated as a novel voltammetric sensor. After optimization of electrochemical parameters employing this sensor at pH 8.0, the oxidation peak currents for 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine and dasatinib were found to vary linearly with their concentrations in the range of 0.05-550μM; 0.1-500μM and 5.0-500μM with detection limits of 0.009μM, 0.05μM and 1.0μM respectively using square wave voltammetric method. The modified electrode has been applied for the selective and precise analysis of 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine and dasatinib in pharmaceutical formulations and urine samples.
              Article 0 comments Cited 53 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Iran J Pharm Res
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Iran J Pharm Res
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IJPR
                Title: Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR
                Publisher: Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Tehran, Iran )
                ISSN (Print): 1735-0328
                ISSN (Electronic): 1726-6890
                Publication date (Print): Summer 2017
                Volume: 16
                Issue: 3
                Pages: 1019-1029
                Affiliations
                [a ] Young Researcher and Elite Club, Majlesi Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
                [b ] Department of Chemistry, Majlesi Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
                [c ] Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Quchan University of Advanced Technology, Quchan, Iran.
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: E-mail: keyvan45638@yahoo.com (M. Keyvanfard)
                Article
                Publisher ID: ijpr-16-1019
                PMC ID: 5610756
                SO-VID: ce59d2ca-fc40-4ae3-aac2-98ad603a6b79
                Copyright © © 2017 by School of Pharmacy, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : April 2015
                Date accepted : June 2015
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: penicillamine,multiwall carbon nanotubes,modified electrode,sensor,electrocatalysis
                Data availability:
                Keywords: penicillamine, multiwall carbon nanotubes, modified electrode, sensor, electrocatalysis

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