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      Call for Papers: Sex and Gender in Neurodegenerative Diseases

      Submit here before September 30, 2024

      About Neurodegenerative Diseases: 3.0 Impact Factor I 4.3 CiteScore I 0.695 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Breath-Hold Divers with Cerebral Decompression Sickness

      case-report

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          Abstract

          The mechanism of cerebral decompression sickness (DCS) is still unclear. We report 2 cases of breath-hold divers with cerebral DCS in whom magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated distinctive characteristics. One case presented right hemiparesthesia, diplopia, and gait disturbance after breath-hold diving into the sea at a depth of 20 m. Brain MRI with fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence revealed multiple hyperintense lesions in the right frontal lobe, bilateral thalamus, pons, and right cerebellar hemisphere. The second case presented visual and gait disturbance after repetitive breath-hold diving into the sea. FLAIR imaging showed hyperintense areas in the bilateral occipito-parietal lobes. In both cases, diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient mapping revealed hyperintense areas in the lesions identified by FLAIR. Moreover, follow-up MRI showed attenuation of the FLAIR signal abnormalities. These findings are suggestive of transient hyperpermeability in the microvasculature as a possible cause of cerebral DCS.

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          Diffusion MRI: apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the normal brain and a classification of brain disorders based on ADC values.

          R Sener (2016)
          Diffusion-weighted imaging, dependent on motion of water molecules, provides information regarding tissue integrity. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in the normal brain parenchyma, and those in a variety of lesions were studied by echo-planar diffusion MRI in 310 cases. Brain disorders were classified based on their ADC values, taking the ADC values of the normal brain white matter as the principal category. In the normal white matter ADC ranges were 0.60-1.05x10(-3)mm(2)/s, and the mean ADC value was 0.84+/-0.11x10(-3)mm(2)/s. It was possible to distribute brain disorders, as well as artefacts on diffusion MRI to five major categories: category 1, ADC similar to normal white matter; category 2, ADC lower than normal white matter; category 3, ADC higher than normal white matter; category 4, ADC similar to CSF; and category 5, markedly low or high ADC. Further studies can provide addition of different lesions as well as refinements of these categories.
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            White matter hyperintensities on MRI in high-altitude U-2 pilots

            S McGuire, P Sherman, L. Profenna … (2013)
            To demonstrate that U-2 pilot occupational exposure to hypobaria leads to increased incidence of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) with a more uniform distribution throughout the brain irrespective of clinical neurologic decompression sickness history.
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              Relation between directly detected patent foramen ovale and ischemic brain lesions in sport divers.

              M Schwerzmann, C Seiler, E. Lipp … (2001)
              In divers, the significance of a patent foramen ovale and its potential relation to paradoxical gas emboli remain uncertain. To assess the prevalence of symptoms of decompression illness and ischemic brain lesions in divers with regard to the presence of a patent foramen ovale. Retrospective cohort study. University hospital and three diving clubs in Switzerland. 52 sport divers and 52 nondiving controls. Prevalence of self-reported decompression events, patent foramen ovale on contrast transesophageal echocardiography, and ischemic brain lesions on magnetic resonance imaging. The risk for decompression illness events was 4.5-fold greater in divers with patent foramen ovale than in divers without patent foramen ovale (risk ratio, 4.5 [95% CI, 1.2 to 18.0]; P = 0.03). Among divers, 1.23 +/- 2.0 and 0.64 +/- 1.22 ischemic brain lesions per person (mean +/- SD) were detected in those with and those without patent foramen ovale, respectively. Among controls, 0.22 +/- 0.44 and 0.12 +/- 0.63 lesion per person were detected (P < 0.001 for all groups). Regardless of whether a diver has a patent foramen ovale, diving is associated with ischemic brain lesions.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CRN
                Journal ID (pmc): CRN
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.1662-680X
                Title: Case Reports in Neurology
                Publisher: S. Karger AG
                ISSN (Electronic): 1662-680X
                Publication date Subscription-year: 2014
                Publication date Collection: January – April 2014
                Publication date (Electronic): 24 January 2014
                Volume: 6
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 23-27
                Affiliations
                Departments of aMedicine and Clinical Science, and bHealth Care Administration and Management, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, and cDepartment of Cerebrovascular Medicine, Japan Labour Health and Welfare Organization, Kyushu Rosai Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
                Author notes
                *Ryu Matsuo, MD, PhD, Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582 (Japan), E-Mail rymatsuo@intmed2.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
                Article
                Publisher ID: 357169 Pmcid ID: PMC3934779 Other ID: Case Rep Neurol 2014;6:23-27
                DOI: 10.1159/000357169
                PMC ID: PMC3934779
                PubMed ID: 24575029
                SO-VID: cebf0763-d20d-4374-92e8-7936b3f0a804
                Copyright © © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                Open Access License: This is an Open Access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported license (CC BY-NC) ( http://www.karger.com/OA-license), applicable to the online version of the article only. Distribution permitted for non-commercial purposes only. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Pages: 5
                Categories
                Subject: Published: January 2014

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Geriatric medicine,Neurology,Cardiovascular Medicine,Neurosciences,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry,Public health
                Keywords: Blood-brain barrier,Decompression illness,Magnetic resonance imaging,Vasogenic edema
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Geriatric medicine, Neurology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Neurosciences, Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry, Public health
                Keywords: Blood-brain barrier, Decompression illness, Magnetic resonance imaging, Vasogenic edema

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