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      Psychosocial impact of COVID-19 pandemic on LGBT people in Chile Translated title: L’impact psychosocial de la pandémie de COVID-19 sur les personnes LGBT au Chili

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          COVID-19 pandemic has led many countries around the world, including Chile, to take various measures, including physical and, social isolation. The effects of these measures, necessary to prevent the virus from spreading, must be studied. In particular, quarantines are known to have an impact on quality of life and well-being (for example, associated symptoms such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, and other psychosocial consequences). Furthermore, these effects are expected to be more pronounced in previously disadvantaged populations, such as LGBT people. This paper describes the main measures taken by LGBT population during quarantine to avoid COVID-19 and its psychosocial consequences on an individual and social basis.

          Method

          Non-probability sampling was used. An online self-administered survey including 1181 participants was used. These were lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgender residents over 18 years old from Chile.

          Results

          Almost eight out of ten participants were in a total quarantine situation. From them, 18.2% were in partial isolation and only 4.6% were not in quarantine. COVID-19 has affected almost all the LGBT participants to a certain extent. COVID-19 has emotionally affected the vast majority of the LGBT participants to a certain extent. In other words, the pandemic has affected their lives. This psychosocial impact of COVID has been greater for people who define themselves as *sexual (include queer, asexual, pansexual, demisexual).

          Discussion

          The measures taken to prevent the virus transmission significantly affect LGBT people's life. In particular, these measures affect *sexual people. *sexual people must manage discrimination and misunderstanding of their identity in many contexts including their family.

          Résumé

          Introduction

          La pandémie de COVID-19 a conduit de nombreux pays à travers le monde, et notamment le Chili à adopter diverses mesures, y compris le confinement physique et social. Les effets de ces mesures, nécessaires pour empêcher la propagation du virus, doivent être étudiées. En particulier, on sait que les quarantaines ont un impact sur la qualité de vie et le bien-être (par exemple, les symptômes associés tels que la dépression, l’anxiété, le stress post-traumatique et autres conséquences psychosociales). En outre, on suppose que ces effets sont plus prononcés dans des populations déjà vulnérables, comme les personnes LGBT. Cet article décrit les principales mesures adoptées par la population LGBT, au Chili, pendant la quarantaine pour éviter le COVID-19 et ses conséquences psychosociales.

          Méthode

          Un échantillonnage non probabiliste a été mis en œuvre. Une enquête en ligne auto-administrée a permis de recueillir 1181 questionnaires. Il s’agissait de lesbiennes, de gays, de bisexuels et de transgenres âgés de plus de 18 ans au Chili.

          Résultats

          Près de huit participants sur dix étaient en situation de quarantaine totale. 18,2 % d’entre eux étaient en isolement partiel et seulement 4,6 % n’étaient pas en quarantaine. Le COVID-19 a touché la majorité des participants LGBT et en outre, et en outre, dans une certaine mesure, il a affecté émotionnellement la grande majorité d’entre eux. En d’autres termes. La pandémie a affecté leur vie. Cet impact psychosocial de la COVID a été plus important pour les personnes qui se définissent comme *sexuelles (y compris les homosexuels, les asexués, les pansexuels, les démisexuels).

          Discussion

          Les mesures prises pour prévenir la transmission du virus affectent de manière significative les personnes LGBT. Les personnes *sexuelles doivent affronter la discrimination dont ils sont les victimes et l’incompréhension de leur identité dans de nombreux contextes, notamment leur famille.

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          Most cited references31

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          Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health in the General Population: A Systematic Review

          Highlights • The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in unprecedented hazards to mental health globally. • Relatively high rates of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychological distress, and stress were reported in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic in eight countries. • Common risk factors associated with mental distress during the COVID-19 pandemic include female gender, younger age group (≤40 years), presence of chronic/psychiatric illnesses, unemployment, student status, and frequent exposure to social media/news concerning COVID-19. • Mitigation of COVID-19 induced psychological distress requires government intervention and individual efforts.
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            Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: conceptual issues and research evidence.

            Ilan Meyer (2003)
            In this article the author reviews research evidence on the prevalence of mental disorders in lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals (LGBs) and shows, using meta-analyses, that LGBs have a higher prevalence of mental disorders than heterosexuals. The author offers a conceptual framework for understanding this excess in prevalence of disorder in terms of minority stress--explaining that stigma, prejudice, and discrimination create a hostile and stressful social environment that causes mental health problems. The model describes stress processes, including the experience of prejudice events, expectations of rejection, hiding and concealing, internalized homophobia, and ameliorative coping processes. This conceptual framework is the basis for the review of research evidence, suggestions for future research directions, and exploration of public policy implications.
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              Is Open Access

              Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis

              Background The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on public mental health. Therefore, monitoring and oversight of the population mental health during crises such as a panedmic is an immediate priority. The aim of this study is to analyze the existing research works and findings in relation to the prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method In this systematic review and meta-analysis, articles that have focused on stress and anxiety prevalence among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic were searched in the Science Direct, Embase, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science (ISI) and Google Scholar databases, without a lower time limit and until May 2020. In order to perform a meta-analysis of the collected studies, the random effects model was used, and the heterogeneity of studies was investigated using the I2 index. Moreover. data analysis was conducted using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software. Results The prevalence of stress in 5 studies with a total sample size of 9074 is obtained as 29.6% (95% confidence limit: 24.3–35.4), the prevalence of anxiety in 17 studies with a sample size of 63,439 as 31.9% (95% confidence interval: 27.5–36.7), and the prevalence of depression in 14 studies with a sample size of 44,531 people as 33.7% (95% confidence interval: 27.5–40.6). Conclusion COVID-19 not only causes physical health concerns but also results in a number of psychological disorders. The spread of the new coronavirus can impact the mental health of people in different communities. Thus, it is essential to preserve the mental health of individuals and to develop psychological interventions that can improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Sexologies
                Sexologies. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.
                1158-1360
                1158-1360
                2 January 2021
                2 January 2021
                Affiliations
                [a ]Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Santiago de Chile, Chile
                [b ]Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Santiago de Chile, Chile
                [c ]Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile, Chile & Movimiento por la Diversidad Sexual, Santiago de Chile, Chile
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author.
                Article
                S1158-1360(20)30118-3
                10.1016/j.sexol.2020.12.006
                7833860
                cfb1cbbc-e2d2-4a73-9342-2910ce640d72
                © 2021 Sexologies. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                : 11 November 2020
                : 18 December 2020
                : 19 December 2020
                Categories
                Research

                covid-19,lgbt,chile,chili
                covid-19, lgbt, chile, chili

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