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      Impacto da pandemia COVID-19 na utilização da consulta aberta de uma Unidade de Cuidados de Saúde Primários Translated title: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the walk-in appointment in a Primary Health Care Unit

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          Abstract

          Resumo Introdução: A consulta aberta é uma consulta com marcação no próprio dia para resolver situações de doença aguda. A sua desadequada utilização é um problema recorrente que gera incapacidade de resposta adequada aos utentes. Durante a pandemia por COVID-19 foi necessário reformular a atividade assistencial nos cuidados de saúde primários, limitando o contacto presencial com os utentes. Objetivos: Conhecer o impacto da COVID-19 na utilização da consulta aberta, bem como fazer a caracterização sociodemográfica dos utentes utilizadores e compreender os motivos de utilização mais frequentes. Métodos: Estudo observacional descritivo com componente analítica da consulta aberta em abril/19, abril/20 e abril/21, numa unidade de saúde familiar, com caracterização sociodemográfica dos utentes e avaliação dos motivos de consulta e sua adequação. Resultados: Realizaram-se uma média diária de 18 consultas em 2019, 19 em 2020 e 31 em 2021. Não se observaram diferenças sociodemográficas dos utentes entre os períodos analisados, havendo sempre predomínio do sexo feminino e idade média entre 45 e 52 anos. Em pré-pandemia prevaleciam os motivos gerais e músculo-esqueléticos. Em 2020 aumentou o peso relativo das queixas respiratórias e, em 2021, foi restabelecido o padrão pré-pandemia. O ano relacionou-se com a adequabilidade do motivo (p<0,001), com valores de inadequabilidade de 47% em 2019, 19% em 2020 e 31% em 2021. Os motivos inadequados mais frequentes foram os mesmos - queixas não agudas, visualização de exames e renovação/pedido de certificado de incapacidade para o trabalho -, mas com pesos relativos diferentes (p<0,001). Conclusões: A pandemia COVID-19 associou-se a um aumento da adequação dos motivos de utilização da consulta aberta, o que mostra que não só é fundamental uma adequada educação dos doentes quanto aos motivos corretos para recurso à consulta aberta, mas também assegurar uma adequada acessibilidade às restantes modalidades de consulta para não motivar o recurso indevido à consulta aberta.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: The walk-in appointment is an appointment scheduled on the same day, to solve situations of acute illness. Its’ inappropriate use is a recurrent problem that causes a failure to respond adequately to users. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a reformulation of activity in primary health care as it was necessary to limit face-to-face contact with patients. Objectives: Identifying the impact of COVID-19 on the walk-in appointment demand, as well as making a sociodemographic characterization of the users and a descriptive analysis of the most frequent motives for consultation. Methods: Descriptive observational study with an analytical component of the walk-in appointment on April/19, April/20, and April/21, in a family health unit, with sociodemographic characterization and identification of the motives for an appointment and their adequacy. Results: An average of 18 daily appointments were conducted in 2019, 19 in 2020, and 31 in 2021. There were no differences in the users’ sociodemographic characteristics between the analyzed periods, with a transversal predominance of females and a mean age between 45 and 52 years. Before the pandemic, general and musculoskeletal reasons prevailed. In 2020, the relative weight of respiratory complaints increased and in 2021 the pre-pandemic pattern was restored. The year was related to the adequacy of the reason (p<0.001), with inadequacy values of 47% in 2019, 19% in 2020, and 31% in 2021. The most frequent inadequate motives were the same - non-acute clinical complaints, delivery of exam results, and renewal/request of sick leaves - but with different relative weights (p<0.001). Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic was associated with higher adequacy of motives for walk-in appointments, highlighting the importance of adequate patient education about the correct reasons for using the walk-in appointment, as well as to ensure adequate access to other appointment modalities, so as not to motivate the improper use of the walk-in appointment.

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          An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time

          In December, 2019, a local outbreak of pneumonia of initially unknown cause was detected in Wuhan (Hubei, China), and was quickly determined to be caused by a novel coronavirus, 1 namely severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The outbreak has since spread to every province of mainland China as well as 27 other countries and regions, with more than 70 000 confirmed cases as of Feb 17, 2020. 2 In response to this ongoing public health emergency, we developed an online interactive dashboard, hosted by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA, to visualise and track reported cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in real time. The dashboard, first shared publicly on Jan 22, illustrates the location and number of confirmed COVID-19 cases, deaths, and recoveries for all affected countries. It was developed to provide researchers, public health authorities, and the general public with a user-friendly tool to track the outbreak as it unfolds. All data collected and displayed are made freely available, initially through Google Sheets and now through a GitHub repository, along with the feature layers of the dashboard, which are now included in the Esri Living Atlas. The dashboard reports cases at the province level in China; at the city level in the USA, Australia, and Canada; and at the country level otherwise. During Jan 22–31, all data collection and processing were done manually, and updates were typically done twice a day, morning and night (US Eastern Time). As the outbreak evolved, the manual reporting process became unsustainable; therefore, on Feb 1, we adopted a semi-automated living data stream strategy. Our primary data source is DXY, an online platform run by members of the Chinese medical community, which aggregates local media and government reports to provide cumulative totals of COVID-19 cases in near real time at the province level in China and at the country level otherwise. Every 15 min, the cumulative case counts are updated from DXY for all provinces in China and for other affected countries and regions. For countries and regions outside mainland China (including Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan), we found DXY cumulative case counts to frequently lag behind other sources; we therefore manually update these case numbers throughout the day when new cases are identified. To identify new cases, we monitor various Twitter feeds, online news services, and direct communication sent through the dashboard. Before manually updating the dashboard, we confirm the case numbers with regional and local health departments, including the respective centres for disease control and prevention (CDC) of China, Taiwan, and Europe, the Hong Kong Department of Health, the Macau Government, and WHO, as well as city-level and state-level health authorities. For city-level case reports in the USA, Australia, and Canada, which we began reporting on Feb 1, we rely on the US CDC, the government of Canada, the Australian Government Department of Health, and various state or territory health authorities. All manual updates (for countries and regions outside mainland China) are coordinated by a team at Johns Hopkins University. The case data reported on the dashboard aligns with the daily Chinese CDC 3 and WHO situation reports 2 for within and outside of mainland China, respectively (figure ). Furthermore, the dashboard is particularly effective at capturing the timing of the first reported case of COVID-19 in new countries or regions (appendix). With the exception of Australia, Hong Kong, and Italy, the CSSE at Johns Hopkins University has reported newly infected countries ahead of WHO, with Hong Kong and Italy reported within hours of the corresponding WHO situation report. Figure Comparison of COVID-19 case reporting from different sources Daily cumulative case numbers (starting Jan 22, 2020) reported by the Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE), WHO situation reports, and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese CDC) for within (A) and outside (B) mainland China. Given the popularity and impact of the dashboard to date, we plan to continue hosting and managing the tool throughout the entirety of the COVID-19 outbreak and to build out its capabilities to establish a standing tool to monitor and report on future outbreaks. We believe our efforts are crucial to help inform modelling efforts and control measures during the earliest stages of the outbreak.
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            COVID-19 transforms health care through telemedicine: evidence from the field

            Abstract This study provides data on the feasibility and impact of video-enabled telemedicine use among patients and providers and its impact on urgent and non-urgent health care delivery from one large health system (NYU Langone Health) at the epicenter of the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States. Between March 2nd and April 14th 2020, telemedicine visits increased from 369.1 daily to 866.8 daily (135% increase) in urgent care after the system-wide expansion of virtual health visits in response to COVID-19, and from 94.7 daily to 4209.3 (4345% increase) in non-urgent care post expansion. Of all virtual visits post expansion, 56.2% and 17.6% urgent and non-urgent visits, respectively, were COVID-19-related. Telemedicine usage was highest by patients aged 20-44, particularly for urgent care. The COVID-19 pandemic has driven rapid expansion of telemedicine use for urgent care and non-urgent care visits beyond baseline periods. This reflects an important change in telemedicine that other institutions facing the COVID-19 pandemic should anticipate.
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              Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on utilisation of healthcare services: a systematic review

              Objectives To determine the extent and nature of changes in utilisation of healthcare services during COVID-19 pandemic. Design Systematic review. Eligibility Eligible studies compared utilisation of services during COVID-19 pandemic to at least one comparable period in prior years. Services included visits, admissions, diagnostics and therapeutics. Studies were excluded if from single centres or studied only patients with COVID-19. Data sources PubMed, Embase, Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register and preprints were searched, without language restrictions, until 10 August, using detailed searches with key concepts including COVID-19, health services and impact. Data analysis Risk of bias was assessed by adapting the Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies of Interventions tool, and a Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care tool. Results were analysed using descriptive statistics, graphical figures and narrative synthesis. Outcome measures Primary outcome was change in service utilisation between prepandemic and pandemic periods. Secondary outcome was the change in proportions of users of healthcare services with milder or more severe illness (eg, triage scores). Results 3097 unique references were identified, and 81 studies across 20 countries included, reporting on >11 million services prepandemic and 6.9 million during pandemic. For the primary outcome, there were 143 estimates of changes, with a median 37% reduction in services overall (IQR −51% to −20%), comprising median reductions for visits of 42% (−53% to −32%), admissions 28% (−40% to −17%), diagnostics 31% (−53% to −24%) and for therapeutics 30% (−57% to −19%). Among 35 studies reporting secondary outcomes, there were 60 estimates, with 27 (45%) reporting larger reductions in utilisation among people with a milder spectrum of illness, and 33 (55%) reporting no difference. Conclusions Healthcare utilisation decreased by about a third during the pandemic, with considerable variation, and with greater reductions among people with less severe illness. While addressing unmet need remains a priority, studies of health impacts of reductions may help health systems reduce unnecessary care in the postpandemic recovery. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020203729.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rpmgf
                Revista Portuguesa de Medicina Geral e Familiar
                Rev Port Med Geral Fam
                Associação Portuguesa de Medicina Geral e Familiar (Lisboa, , Portugal )
                2182-5173
                December 2022
                : 38
                : 6
                : 583-593
                Affiliations
                [1] Matosinhos orgnameUnidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos orgdiv1USF Horizonte Portugal
                Article
                S2182-51732022000600583 S2182-5173(22)03800600583
                10.32385/rpmgf.v38i6.13434
                d06569fb-f928-4cdd-b619-273b8e9075d9

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 07 January 2022
                : 17 September 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 12, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Portugal

                Categories
                Estudos Originais

                Primary health care,Acute appointments,Healthcare crew resource management,COVID-19,Cuidados de saúde primários,Consulta aberta,Gestão de recursos da equipa de assistência à saúde

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