Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as central regulators in metabolic disorders

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Metabolic disorders represent a growing worldwide health challenge due to their dramatically increasing prevalence. The gut microbiota is a crucial actor that can interact with the host by the production of a diverse reservoir of metabolites, from exogenous dietary substrates or endogenous host compounds. Metabolic disorders are associated with alterations in the composition and function of the gut microbiota. Specific classes of microbiota-derived metabolites, notably bile acids, short-chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, trimethylamine N-oxide, tryptophan and indole derivatives, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. This review aims to define the key classes of microbiota-derived metabolites that are altered in metabolic diseases and their role in pathogenesis. They represent potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis as well as promising targets for the development of novel therapeutic tools for metabolic disorders.

Related collections

Most cited references 118

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest.

Peter J Turnbaugh, Ruth E Ley, Michael A Mahowald … (2006)

The worldwide obesity epidemic is stimulating efforts to identify host and environmental factors that affect energy balance. Comparisons of the distal gut microbiota of genetically obese mice and their lean littermates, as well as those of obese and lean human volunteers have revealed that obesity is associated with changes in the relative abundance of the two dominant bacterial divisions, the Bacteroidetes and the Firmicutes. Here we demonstrate through metagenomic and biochemical analyses that these changes affect the metabolic potential of the mouse gut microbiota. Our results indicate that the obese microbiome has an increased capacity to harvest energy from the diet. Furthermore, this trait is transmissible: colonization of germ-free mice with an 'obese microbiota' results in a significantly greater increase in total body fat than colonization with a 'lean microbiota'. These results identify the gut microbiota as an additional contributing factor to the pathophysiology of obesity.

0 comments Cited 2025 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Microbial ecology: human gut microbes associated with obesity.

Ruth E Ley, Peter J. Turnbaugh, Samuel Klein … (2006)

Two groups of beneficial bacteria are dominant in the human gut, the Bacteroidetes and the Firmicutes. Here we show that the relative proportion of Bacteroidetes is decreased in obese people by comparison with lean people, and that this proportion increases with weight loss on two types of low-calorie diet. Our findings indicate that obesity has a microbial component, which might have potential therapeutic implications.

0 comments Cited 1433 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers.

Emmanuelle Le Chatelier, Trine H Nielsen, Junjie Qin … (2013)

We are facing a global metabolic health crisis provoked by an obesity epidemic. Here we report the human gut microbial composition in a population sample of 123 non-obese and 169 obese Danish individuals. We find two groups of individuals that differ by the number of gut microbial genes and thus gut bacterial richness. They contain known and previously unknown bacterial species at different proportions; individuals with a low bacterial richness (23% of the population) are characterized by more marked overall adiposity, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia and a more pronounced inflammatory phenotype when compared with high bacterial richness individuals. The obese individuals among the lower bacterial richness group also gain more weight over time. Only a few bacterial species are sufficient to distinguish between individuals with high and low bacterial richness, and even between lean and obese participants. Our classifications based on variation in the gut microbiome identify subsets of individuals in the general white adult population who may be at increased risk of progressing to adiposity-associated co-morbidities.

0 comments Cited 996 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Gut

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Gut

Journal ID (hwp): gutjnl

Journal ID (publisher-id): gut

Title: Gut

Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group (BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR )

ISSN (Print): 0017-5749

ISSN (Electronic): 1468-3288

Publication date (Print): June 2021

Publication date (Electronic): 3 December 2020

Volume: 70

Issue: 6

Pages: 1174-1182

Affiliations

[1 ] University Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute , Jouy-en-Josas, Île-de-France, France

[2 ] departmentParis Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU , AP-HP , Paris, Île-de-France, France

[3 ] departmentNutrition and Obesity: systemic approach (NutriOmics) research unit, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital , Sorbonne Universités, INSERM , Paris, Île-de-France, France

[4 ] departmentCentre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, AP-HP, Saint Antoine Hospital, Gastroenterology department , Sorbonne Universite, INSERM , Paris, Île-de-France, France

Author notes

[Correspondence to ] Professor Harry Sokol, Sorbonne Universite, Paris, Île-de-France, France; harry.sokol@ 123456gmail.com

Author information

Harry Sokol http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2914-1822

Article

Publisher ID: gutjnl-2020-323071

DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323071

PMC ID: 8108286

PubMed ID: 33272977

SO-VID: d0a05888-620e-4eb7-82ad-5354164b669e

License:

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.