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      Hipertireoidismo relacionado à síndrome de McCune Albright: relato de dois casos e revisão da literatura Translated title: Hyperthyroidism related to McCune-Albright syndrome: report of two cases and review of the literature

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          Abstract

          INTRODUÇÃO: A síndrome de McCune Albright é uma doença rara, clinicamente definida pela combinação de displasia fibrosa poliostótica, manchas café-com-leite e endocrinopatias com hiperfunção, como puberdade precoce, hipertireoidismo, acromegalia e outras. A fisiopatologia biomolecular baseia-se em uma mutação ativadora do gene para a subunidade alfa da proteína de membrana Gs, que estimula a produção intracelular de AMPc, conferindo secreção autônoma à glândula em particular. A glândula tireóide é freqüentemente envolvida nesta doença, sendo o hipertireoidismo a segunda endocrinopatia mais comum após a puberdade precoce. OBJETIVO: Realizar uma revisão da literatura no período de 1937 a 1997, incluindo nossa casuística, e discutir o tratamento utilizado para o hipertireoidismo nesta síndrome. RESULTADOS: Do total de 85 casos, em 26 com hipertireoidismo se descreve o tipo de tratamento utilizado. Entre esses, 15 foram submetidos à cirurgia (tireoidectomia total), seis foram submetidos à iodoterapia e cinco foram submetidos a tratamento com drogas antitireoidianas (DAT - propiltiuracil, carbimazol ou metimazol), pois em alguns houve associação dos tratamentos citados anteriormente. CONCLUSÃO: A síndrome de McCune-Albright é uma doença rara, que inclui displasia fibrosa poliostótica, manchas café-com-leite e endocrinopatias com hiperfunção. Os casos acompanhados com hipertireoidismo são inicialmente tratados clinicamente com DAT, porém a ablação cirúrgica ou com radioiodoterapia é a opção definitiva mais indicada.

          Translated abstract

          INTRODUCTION: McCune-Albright syndrome is a sporadic disease clinicaly characterized by polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, "café-au-lait" cutaneous spots and hyperfunctional endocrinopathies, such as precocious puberty, hyperthyroidism, acromegaly and others. The biologic physiopathology of the disease is based on an activating mutation of the gene for the Gs protein which mediates the activation of adenyl cyclase and subsequent gland autonomous secretion. The thyroid gland is usually involved in this disease, being hyperthyroidism the second most common endocrinopathy seen after precocious puberty. OBJECTIVE: Revision of the literature since 1937 to 1997, adding our casuistic and discussing the adequate treatment for the hyperthyroidism in the syndrome. RESULTS: Among 85 cases identified with the syndrome, hyperthyroidism treatment was described in 26 of them. Fifteen were submitted to surgery (total thyroidectomy), 6 were submitted to iodotherapy and 5 were treated with antithyroid drugs (ATD - propylthiouracil, carbimazole or methimazole). In some cases, treatment association was done. CONCLUSION: McCune-Albright syndrome is a rare disease, combining polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, "café-au-lait" cutaneous spots and hyperfunctional endocrinopathies. Cases with hyperthyroidism are treated iniatially clinically, but definitive ablation with surgery or radioiodine treatment is the most indicated option.

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          The McCune-Albright syndrome.

          The presence of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia of bone, hyperpigmented skin macules, and precocious sexual development in children is known as the McCune-Albright syndrome. To date, a complex combination of multiple endocrinopathies including goiter, hyperthyroidism, acromegaly, Cushing syndrome, hyperprolactinemia, sexual precocity, hyperparathyroidism, and hypophosphatemic hyperphosphaturic rickets have been described in association with this syndrome. Even though the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the development of the endocrinopathies is unknown, it was assumed for many years that hypothalamic dysfunction was the cause in most cases. The overwhelming amount of data now permits the development of an alternate hypothesis; one of hyperfunctioning endocrine organs working with relative autonomy from hypothalamic control.
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            Treatment of precocious puberty in the McCune-Albright syndrome with the aromatase inhibitor testolactone.

            The McCune-Albright syndrome is characterized by café au lait spots, fibrous dysplasia of bones, and sexual precocity. Girls with precocious puberty due to this syndrome have episodic increases in serum estrogen levels together with the formation of large ovarian cysts. The serum gonadotropin levels are typically suppressed, and the precocious puberty has not responded to treatment with long-acting analogues of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). Encouraged by our initial success in a pilot study of one patient, we have now treated five girls with the McCune-Albright syndrome with the aromatase inhibitor testolactone, which blocks the synthesis of estrogens. Testolactone decreased the levels of circulating estradiol (P less than 0.05) and the ovarian volume (P less than 0.05), and there was a return to pretreatment levels after testolactone was stopped. During treatment, the peak responses of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone to stimulation by LHRH rose above suppressed pretreatment levels--significantly above pretreatment levels for follicle-stimulating hormone (P less than 0.02)--and then returned to pretreatment levels after testolactone was discontinued. Growth rates fell in three patients during treatment but could not be assessed in the other two because of bone deformities. The mean rate of bone maturation decreased and menses stopped in three of the four girls who were menstruating regularly. We conclude that testolactone is an effective treatment of precocious puberty in the McCune-Albright syndrome.
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              Osteodystrophia fibrosa: report of a case in which the condition was combined with precocious puberty, pathologic pigmentation of the skin and hyperthyroidism, with a review of the literature

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                abem
                Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia
                Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab
                Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia (São Paulo )
                1677-9487
                April 2008
                : 52
                : 3
                : 556-561
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0004-27302008000300017
                10.1590/S0004-27302008000300017
                d189e68a-f8ff-4aef-95e1-7efe8e9b6839

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0004-2730&lng=en
                Categories
                ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

                Endocrinology & Diabetes
                Hyperthyroidism,Syndrome,McCune-Albrigt,Endocrinopathy,Hipertireoidismo,Síndrome,McCune-Albright,Endocrinopatia

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