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      Influencia del desgaste profesional en el gasto farmacéutico de los médicos de atención primaria Translated title: Influence of burnout on pharmaceutical expediture among primary care physicians

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          Abstract

          Objetivo: Determinar la influencia sobre el gasto farmacéutico por asegurado (GFPA) en atención primaria de salud de diversos factores relacionados con las características personales y profesionales de los médicos generales, y su nivel de desgaste profesional. Método: Estudio observacional transversal de 220 médicos de atención primaria de la provincia de Barcelona a quienes, por medio de entrevista directa, se administró un cuestionario validado y estructurado en dos partes: datos generales (sociodemográficos y profesionales), y desgaste profesional (Maslach Burnout Inventory [MBI]) en el año 2000. De forma paralela, se solicitaron los datos de gasto farmacéutico de los profesionales participantes en las direcciones de atención primaria correspondientes. Resultados: El gasto farmacéutico (GF) medio fue de 264.627,22 euros (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 252.669,82-276.584,63) y el GFPA fue de 152,36 euros (IC del 95%,145,73-158,99). El estudio pormenorizado de las características sociodemográficas y de actividad de los profesionales mostró una asociación positiva con el GFPA en los siguientes casos: conforme la edad del profesional es mayor, cuando el número de años trabajados en la atención primaria aumenta, cuando la plaza laboral es fija, cuando los profesionales trabajaban en varios centros, si los profesionales no trabajaban en centros acreditados para la docencia, en el ámbito de la práctica urbana, y cuando hay un nivel alto de cansancio emocional. Conclusiones: El médico de familia soporta en mayor o menor intensidad tensiones en diferentes niveles de su actividad asistencial. La acumulación de tensiones va provocando un desgaste emocional que complica la toma de decisiones en el momento de la prescripción farmacéutica, lo que tiende a cerrar un círculo vicioso. De este modo, los profesionales con mayor desgaste profesional pueden, en ocasiones, compensar la falta de recursos psicológicos que esta situación comporta con una gestión menos eficiente del gasto farmacéutico de sus prescripciones.

          Translated abstract

          Objective: To determine the influence of various factors related to primary care physicians and their level of burnout on pharmaceutical expenditure per policy-holder (PEP-H). Method: We performed a cross-sectional study of 220 primary care physicians in the province of Barcelona in 2000. A structured and validated questionnaire was administered through direct interview. The questionnaire was divided into two parts: general sociodemographic and professional data, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). At the same time, data on primary care physicians' pharmaceutical expenditure was collected from their corresponding health districts. Results: The mean pharmaceutical expenditure was 264,627.22 euros (95% CI, 252,669.82-276,584.63) and the PEP-H was 152,36 euros (95% CI, 145,73-158,99). The variables associated with greater PEP-H were older age of the primary care physician, greater number of years of service in primary care, permanent work contract, primary care physicians who worked in several centers at the same time, primary care physicians who did not work in accredited teaching centers, urban centers, and high levels of emotional exhaustion in the MBI. Conclusions: Primary care physicians are subject to various degrees of stress in their daily work. Accumulation of these psychological stressors provokes emotional exhaustion, which complicates decision making when writing prescriptions and tends to lead to a vicious circle. Thus, primary care physicians with a high level of burnout could, on a variety of occasions, compensate for this lack of psychological resources by less efficient management of pharmaceutical expenditure when prescribing.

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          Most cited references43

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          Job burnout.

          Burnout is a prolonged response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors on the job, and is defined by the three dimensions of exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficacy. The past 25 years of research has established the complexity of the construct, and places the individual stress experience within a larger organizational context of people's relation to their work. Recently, the work on burnout has expanded internationally and has led to new conceptual models. The focus on engagement, the positive antithesis of burnout, promises to yield new perspectives on interventions to alleviate burnout. The social focus of burnout, the solid research basis concerning the syndrome, and its specific ties to the work domain make a distinct and valuable contribution to people's health and well-being.
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            Rasgos de personalidad y burnout en médicos de familia

            Objetivo Investigar los rasgos de personalidad que podrían asociarse con puntuaciones altas en las escalas de burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory) en médicos de atención primaria. Diseño Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal. Emplazamiento Noventa y tres centros de atención primaria de la ciudad de Barcelona y las comarcas del norte de la provincia: Vallès Oriental, Vallès Occidental, Maresme, Osona, Bages y Berguedà (región sanitaria centro). Método Encuesta directa por entrevista personal o grupal a 528 médicos de atención primaria. Se administraron 3 cuestionarios: uno de datos sociodemográficos generales, el Maslasch Burnout Inventory (MBI) y el test de personalidad de Cattell 16 PF-5. Resultados Un 40% de los encuestados presentaba algún síntoma de burnout sin diferencia entre sexos. De éstos, un 12,4% manifestaba niveles muy altos de «quemazón» profesional. Los sujetos con criterios de burnout obtuvieron puntuaciones significativamente diferentes en los rasgos de estabilidad, tensión y vigilancia y en la dimensión ansiedad. Conclusiones Algunos rasgos de personalidad, como la baja estabilidad emocional, la tensión y la ansiedad, se asocian de manera significativa a puntuaciones altas de burnout Existen algunas diferencias entre estos factores internos por sexo. Objective With this research we try to study personality traits that could be associated with high punctuation at burnout scales (Maslach Burnout Inventory) in primary care physicians. Design Observational descriptive transversal study Setting 93 primary care centres in Barcelona-city and the northern province's region: Vallès Oriental, Vallès Occidental, Maresme, Osona, Bages and Berguedà (centre sanitary region). Method Individual or collective direct interview to 528 primary care physicians. Three questioners were administrated: a sociodemographyc items one, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Cattell personality test 16-PF. Results The 40% of the interviewed physicians had some burnout symptom without any difference between sexes. The 12.4% of these ones showed very high burnout levels. Those subjects with burnout criteria punctuated different at stability, tension and vigilance traits and anxiety dimension. Conclusion Some personality traits like low stability, the tension and the anxiety are associated with high punctuation of burnout.
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              Rasgos de personalidad y burnout en médicos de familia

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                gs
                Gaceta Sanitaria
                Gac Sanit
                Ediciones Doyma, S.L. (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                0213-9111
                December 2003
                : 17
                : 6
                : 483-489
                Affiliations
                [01] Barcelona orgnameEAP ICS- Granollers Sur
                [02] Barcelona orgnameUniversitat Ramon Llull orgdiv1FPCE Blanquerna España
                [03] orgnameGrupo Comunicación y Salud España
                Article
                S0213-91112003000600009 S0213-9111(03)01700600009
                10.1016/S0213-9111(03)71795-6
                14670255
                d2d1c2f5-0d59-4939-9f25-5a48f71c64b5

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 07 April 2003
                : 08 October 2002
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Categories
                Originales

                Burnout,Primary care,Calidad,Quality,Pharmaceutical expenditure,Atención primaria,Gasto farmacéutico,Desgaste profesional

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