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      Chalcones Repressed the AURKA and MDR Proteins Involved in Metastasis and Multiple Drug Resistance in Breast Cancer Cell Lines

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          Abstract

          In the present investigation, trans-chalcone and licochalcone A were tested against MCF-7 and BT-20 breast cancer cell lines for anti-tumor activity. We found that both chalcones down regulated important genes associated to cancer development and inhibited cell migration of metastatic cells (BT-20). Finally, we observed that licochalcone A reduces the MDR-1 protein, while both chalcones suppress the AURKA protein in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, we observed the trans-chalcone and licochalcone A affected the cell viability of breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and BT-20 and presents anti-metastatic and anti-resistance potential, by the repression of AUKA and MDR-1 proteins.

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          Tumor metastasis: molecular insights and evolving paradigms.

          Metastases represent the end products of a multistep cell-biological process termed the invasion-metastasis cascade, which involves dissemination of cancer cells to anatomically distant organ sites and their subsequent adaptation to foreign tissue microenvironments. Each of these events is driven by the acquisition of genetic and/or epigenetic alterations within tumor cells and the co-option of nonneoplastic stromal cells, which together endow incipient metastatic cells with traits needed to generate macroscopic metastases. Recent advances provide provocative insights into these cell-biological and molecular changes, which have implications regarding the steps of the invasion-metastasis cascade that appear amenable to therapeutic targeting. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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            Choosing the right cell line for breast cancer research

            Breast cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease. Gene expression profiling has contributed significantly to our understanding of this heterogeneity at a molecular level, refining taxonomy based on simple measures such as histological type, tumour grade, lymph node status and the presence of predictive markers like oestrogen receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) to a more sophisticated classification comprising luminal A, luminal B, basal-like, HER2-positive and normal subgroups. In the laboratory, breast cancer is often modelled using established cell lines. In the present review we discuss some of the issues surrounding the use of breast cancer cell lines as experimental models, in light of these revised clinical classifications, and put forward suggestions for improving their use in translational breast cancer research.
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              The global burden of women’s cancers: a grand challenge in global health

              Every year, more than 2 million women worldwide are diagnosed with breast or cervical cancer, yet where a woman lives, her socioeconomic status, and agency largely determines whether she will develop one of these cancers and will ultimately survive. In regions with scarce resources, fragile or fragmented health systems, cancer contributes to the cycle of poverty. Proven and cost-effective interventions are available for both these common cancers, yet for so many women access to these is beyond reach. These inequities highlight the urgent need in low-income and middle-income countries for sustainable investments in the entire continuum of cancer control, from prevention to palliative care, and in the development of high-quality population-based cancer registries. In this first paper of the Series on health, equity, and women's cancers, we describe the burden of breast and cervical cancer, with an emphasis on global and regional trends in incidence, mortality, and survival, and the consequences, especially in socioeconomically disadvantaged women in different settings.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Molecules
                Molecules
                molecules
                Molecules : A Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry
                MDPI
                1420-3049
                13 August 2018
                August 2018
                : 23
                : 8
                : 2018
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Biotechnology Unit, University of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Av. Costábile Romano, 2201, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14096-900, Brazil; tattytk@ 123456hotmail.com (T.T.K.); taynalink@ 123456yahoo.com.br (T.M.B.); thaismesquita26@ 123456hotmail.com (T.B.M.); lfbortolotto@ 123456gmail.com (L.F.B.B.); biel-189@ 123456hotmail.com (G.S.); tabitencourt@ 123456yahoo.com.br (T.A.B.); mmarins@ 123456gmb.bio.br (M.M.)
                [2 ]Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; sbaek2@ 123456utk.edu
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: afachin@ 123456unaerp.br ; Tel.: +55-16-3603-7017; Fax: +55-16-3603-7030
                [†]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5287-0866
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5287-0866
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5287-0866
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7389-4023
                Article
                molecules-23-02018
                10.3390/molecules23082018
                6222917
                30104527
                d2ff7a07-58a0-49a5-aba6-15dde4edb426
                © 2018 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 29 June 2018
                : 06 August 2018
                Categories
                Article

                flavonoids,bt-20,mcf-7,metastasis,mdr
                flavonoids, bt-20, mcf-7, metastasis, mdr

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