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      Programmable Periodicity of Quantum Dot Arrays with DNA Origami Nanotubes

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          Abstract

          To fabricate quantum dot arrays with programmable periodicity, functionalized DNA origami nanotubes were developed. Selected DNA staple strands were biotin-labeled to form periodic binding sites for streptavidin-conjugated quantum dots. Successful formation of arrays with periods of 43 and 71 nm demonstrates precise, programmable, large-scale nanoparticle patterning; however, limitations in array periodicity were also observed. Statistical analysis of AFM images revealed evidence for steric hindrance or site bridging that limited the minimum array periodicity.

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          Rapid planetesimal formation in turbulent circumstellar discs

          Anders Johansen, Jeffrey S. Oishi, Mordecai-Mark Mac Low … (2007)
          The initial stages of planet formation in circumstellar gas discs proceed via dust grains that collide and build up larger and larger bodies (Safronov 1969). How this process continues from metre-sized boulders to kilometre-scale planetesimals is a major unsolved problem (Dominik et al. 2007): boulders stick together poorly (Benz 2000), and spiral into the protostar in a few hundred orbits due to a head wind from the slower rotating gas (Weidenschilling 1977). Gravitational collapse of the solid component has been suggested to overcome this barrier (Safronov 1969, Goldreich & Ward 1973, Youdin & Shu 2002). Even low levels of turbulence, however, inhibit sedimentation of solids to a sufficiently dense midplane layer (Weidenschilling & Cuzzi 1993, Dominik et al. 2007), but turbulence must be present to explain observed gas accretion in protostellar discs (Hartmann 1998). Here we report the discovery of efficient gravitational collapse of boulders in locally overdense regions in the midplane. The boulders concentrate initially in transient high pressures in the turbulent gas (Johansen, Klahr, & Henning 2006), and these concentrations are augmented a further order of magnitude by a streaming instability (Youdin & Goodman 2005, Johansen, Henning, & Klahr 2006, Johansen & Youdin 2007) driven by the relative flow of gas and solids. We find that gravitationally bound clusters form with masses comparable to dwarf planets and containing a distribution of boulder sizes. Gravitational collapse happens much faster than radial drift, offering a possible path to planetesimal formation in accreting circumstellar discs.
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            The Dicke Quantum Phase Transition with a Superfluid Gas in an Optical Cavity

            Ferdinand Brennecke, Tilman Esslinger, Christine Guerlin … (2009)
            A phase transition describes the sudden change of state in a physical system, such as the transition between a fluid and a solid. Quantum gases provide the opportunity to establish a direct link between experiment and generic models which capture the underlying physics. A fundamental concept to describe the collective matter-light interaction is the Dicke model which has been predicted to show an intriguing quantum phase transition. Here we realize the Dicke quantum phase transition in an open system formed by a Bose-Einstein condensate coupled to an optical cavity, and observe the emergence of a self-organized supersolid phase. The phase transition is driven by infinitely long-ranged interactions between the condensed atoms. These are induced by two-photon processes involving the cavity mode and a pump field. We show that the phase transition is described by the Dicke Hamiltonian, including counter-rotating coupling terms, and that the supersolid phase is associated with a spontaneously broken spatial symmetry. The boundary of the phase transition is mapped out in quantitative agreement with the Dicke model. The work opens the field of quantum gases with long-ranged interactions, and provides access to novel quantum phases.
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              The path to ubiquitous and low-cost organic electronic appliances on plastic.

              Stephen R. Forrest (2004)
              Organic electronics are beginning to make significant inroads into the commercial world, and if the field continues to progress at its current, rapid pace, electronics based on organic thin-film materials will soon become a mainstay of our technological existence. Already products based on active thin-film organic devices are in the market place, most notably the displays of several mobile electronic appliances. Yet the future holds even greater promise for this technology, with an entirely new generation of ultralow-cost, lightweight and even flexible electronic devices in the offing, which will perform functions traditionally accomplished using much more expensive components based on conventional semiconductor materials such as silicon.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Nano Lett
                Journal ID (publisher-id): nl
                Journal ID (coden): nalefd
                Title: Nano Letters
                Publisher: American Chemical Society
                ISSN (Print): 1530-6984
                ISSN (Electronic): 1530-6992
                Publication date (Electronic): 03 August 2010
                Publication date (Print): 08 September 2010
                Volume: 10
                Issue: 9
                Pages: 3367-3372
                Affiliations
                [† ] Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
                [‡ ] Department of Materials Science and Engineering
                [§ ] Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
                [4]Boise State University, Boise Idaho 83725
                Author notes
                [* ] To whom correspondence should be addressed: WillHughes@ 123456BoiseState.edu .
                Article
                DOI: 10.1021/nl101079u
                PMC ID: 2935673
                PubMed ID: 20681601
                SO-VID: d39ad460-49d7-4ab5-9995-154e34947a2f
                Copyright © Copyright © 2010 American Chemical Society
                License:

                This is an open-access article distributed under the ACS AuthorChoice Terms & Conditions. Any use of this article, must conform to the terms of that license which are available at http://pubs.acs.org.

                History
                Date received : 27 March 2010
                Date revision received : 9 July 2010
                Date: 03 August 2010
                Date: 08 September 2010
                Funding
                National Institutes of Health, United States
                Categories
                Subject: Letter
                Custom metadata
                document-id-old-9 nl101079u
                document-id-new-14 nl-2010-01079u
                ccc-price

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Nanotechnology
                Keywords: dna,periodic,origami,quantum dot,nanoparticles,self-assembly
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Nanotechnology
                Keywords: dna, periodic, origami, quantum dot, nanoparticles, self-assembly

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