DNA Origami Route for Nanophotonics

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Abstract

The specificity and simplicity of the Watson–Crick base pair interactions make DNA one of the most versatile construction materials for creating nanoscale structures and devices. Among several DNA-based approaches, the DNA origami technique excels in programmable self-assembly of complex, arbitrary shaped structures with dimensions of hundreds of nanometers. Importantly, DNA origami can be used as templates for assembly of functional nanoscale components into three-dimensional structures with high precision and controlled stoichiometry. This is often beyond the reach of other nanofabrication techniques. In this Perspective, we highlight the capability of the DNA origami technique for realization of novel nanophotonic systems. First, we introduce the basic principles of designing and fabrication of DNA origami structures. Subsequently, we review recent advances of the DNA origami applications in nanoplasmonics, single-molecule and super-resolution fluorescent imaging, as well as hybrid photonic systems. We conclude by outlining the future prospects of the DNA origami technique for advanced nanophotonic systems with tailored functionalities.

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A DNA-based method for rationally assembling nanoparticles into macroscopic materials.

C Mirkin, R Letsinger, R Mucic … (1996)

Colloidal particles of metals and semiconductors have potentially useful optical, optoelectronic and material properties that derive from their small (nanoscopic) size. These properties might lead to applications including chemical sensors, spectroscopic enhancers, quantum dot and nanostructure fabrication, and microimaging methods. A great deal of control can now be exercised over the chemical composition, size and polydispersity of colloidal particles, and many methods have been developed for assembling them into useful aggregates and materials. Here we describe a method for assembling colloidal gold nanoparticles rationally and reversibly into macroscopic aggregates. The method involves attaching to the surfaces of two batches of 13-nm gold particles non-complementary DNA oligonucleotides capped with thiol groups, which bind to gold. When we add to the solution an oligonucleotide duplex with 'sticky ends' that are complementary to the two grafted sequences, the nanoparticles self-assemble into aggregates. This assembly process can be reversed by thermal denaturation. This strategy should now make it possible to tailor the optical, electronic and structural properties of the colloidal aggregates by using the specificity of DNA interactions to direct the interactions between particles of different size and composition.

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Self-assembly of DNA into nanoscale three-dimensional shapes

Shawn M. Douglas, Hendrik Dietz, Tim Liedl … (2009)

Molecular self-assembly offers a ‘bottom-up’ route to fabrication with subnanometre precision of complex structures from simple components1. DNA has proven a versatile building block2–5 for programmable construction of such objects, including two-dimensional crystals6, nanotubes7–11, and three-dimensional wireframe nanopolyhedra12–17. Templated self-assembly of DNA18 into custom two-dimensional shapes on the megadalton scale has been demonstrated previously with a multiple-kilobase ‘scaffold strand’ that is folded into a flat array of antiparallel helices by interactions with hundreds of oligonucleotide ‘staple strands’19, 20. Here we extend this method to building custom three-dimensional shapes formed as pleated layers of helices constrained to a honeycomb lattice. We demonstrate the design and assembly of nanostructures approximating six shapes — monolith, square nut, railed bridge, genie bottle, stacked cross, slotted cross — with precisely controlled dimensions ranging from 10 to 100 nm. We also show hierarchical assembly of structures such as homomultimeric linear tracks and of heterotrimeric wireframe icosahedra. Proper assembly requires week-long folding times and calibrated monovalent and divalent cation concentrations. We anticipate that our strategy for self-assembling custom three-dimensional shapes will provide a general route to the manufacture of sophisticated devices bearing features on the nanometer scale.

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Single-molecule strong coupling at room temperature in plasmonic nanocavities

Rohit Chikkaraddy, Bart de Nijs, Felix Benz … (2016)

Emitters placed in an optical cavity experience an environment that changes their coupling to light. In the weak-coupling regime light extraction is enhanced, but more profound effects emerge in the single-molecule strong-coupling regime where mixed light-matter states form1,2. Individual two-level emitters in such cavities become non-linear for single photons, forming key building blocks for quantum information systems as well as ultra-low power switches and lasers3–6. Such cavity quantum electrodynamics has until now been the preserve of low temperatures and complex fabrication, severely compromising their use5,7,8. Here, by scaling the cavity volume below 40 nm3 and using host-guest chemistry to align 1-10 protectively-isolated methylene-blue molecules, we reach the strong-coupling regime at room temperature and in ambient conditions. Dispersion curves from >50 plasmonic nanocavities display characteristic anticrossings, with Rabi frequencies of 300 meV for 10 molecules decreasing to 90 meV for single molecules, matching quantitative models. Statistical analysis of vibrational spectroscopy time-series and dark-field scattering spectra provide evidence of single-molecule strong coupling. This dressing of molecules with light can modify photochemistry, opening up the exploration of complex natural processes such as photosynthesis9 and pathways towards manipulation of chemical bonds10.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): ACS Photonics

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): ACS Photonics

Journal ID (publisher-id): ph

Journal ID (coden): apchd5

Title: ACS Photonics

Publisher: American Chemical Society

ISSN (Electronic): 2330-4022

Publication date (Electronic): 12 February 2018

Publication date (Print): 18 April 2018

Volume: 5

Issue: 4

Pages: 1151-1163

Affiliations

[† ]Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems , Heisenbergstrasse 3, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany

[‡ ]Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 12200, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland

[§ ]Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilian University , 80539 Munich, Germany

[∥ ]Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry , 82152 Martinsried near Munich, Germany

[⊥ ]Institute for Physical & Theoretical Chemistry, and Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), and Laboratory for Emerging Nanometrology (LENA), Braunschweig University of Technology , Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany

[# ]Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany

Author notes

[* ]E-mail: (A.K.) anton.kuzyk@ 123456aalto.fi .

[* ]E-mail: (R.J.) jungmann@ 123456biochem.mpg.de .

[* ]E-mail: (G.P.A.) g.acuna@ 123456tu-bs.de .

[* ]E-mail: (N.L.) naliu@ 123456is.mpg.de .

Article

DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.7b01580

PMC ID: 6156112

PubMed ID: 30271812

SO-VID: 14da4949-3605-4feb-9981-00775d280cde

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This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the author and source are cited.

History

Date received : 20 December 2017

Date accepted : 11 February 2018

Date revision received : 06 February 2018

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document-id-old-9 ph7b01580

document-id-new-14 ph-2017-01580n

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Keywords: dna origami,molecular self-assembly,plasmon coupling,active plasmonics,super-resolution microscopy,fluorescence enhancement

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Keywords: dna origami, molecular self-assembly, plasmon coupling, active plasmonics, super-resolution microscopy, fluorescence enhancement

DNA Origami Route for Nanophotonics

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Most cited references 195

A DNA-based method for rationally assembling nanoparticles into macroscopic materials.

Self-assembly of DNA into nanoscale three-dimensional shapes

Single-molecule strong coupling at room temperature in plasmonic nanocavities

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