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      Estado nutricional, hábitos alimentarios, actividad física y horas de sueño en estudiantes de la Patagonia Chilena según las estaciones del año: estudio observacional Translated title: Nutritional status, eating habits, physical activity and sleeping hours in Chilean Patagonia students according to the seasons of the year: observational study

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción Se realizó una comparación del estado nutricional, hábitos alimentarios, actividad física y horas de sueño en estudiantes de 5° a 8° grado de educación primaria en una escuela pública de la ciudad Punta Arenas, Chile, según las estaciones de invierno y verano considerando la variabilidad climática y de luz solar de un clima extremo. Material y Métodos Estudio observacional analítico de enfoque cuantitativo, longitudinal de cohorte. Se siguieron durante un período de 7 meses a 105 estudiantes de ambos sexos cuya edad promedio fue 11,5 años. Se realizaron dos mediciones de las cuatro variables en estudio (estado nutricional, hábitos alimentarios, actividad física y horas de sueño). Se efectuaron mediciones de peso y talla para la obtención del índice de masa corporal (IMC) para clasificar el estado nutricional según IMC/edad con los patrones de crecimiento recomendados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Los hábitos alimentarios y sueño fueron evaluados con un cuestionario auto administrado y se categorizó las horas de sueño para la edad según la National Sleep Foundation. Para la evaluación de la actividad física en los estudiantes se utilizó el Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C). El análisis de datos se realizó con el Software estadístico SPSS® Versión 22 y la prueba estadística T-student para muestras relacionadas. Resultados No se encontró diferencia significativa en el estado nutricional (p=0,57). Los hábitos alimentarios saludables y la actividad física disminuyen en la estación de verano (p>0,05). Las horas de sueño no tuvieron diferencias significativas en ambas estaciones con un promedio de 8,3 horas. Conclusiones Los hábitos alimentarios saludables y de actividad física disminuyen en la estación de verano posiblemente asociados al receso escolar, sin evidenciar un efecto directo de la estación de año sobre las variables estudiadas.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction A comparison was made of the nutritional status, eating habits, physical activity and hours of sleep in students from 5th to 8th grade of primary education in a public school in the city of Punta Arenas, Chile, according to the winter and summer seasons, considering the variability weather and sunlight from extreme weather. Material and Methods Analytical observational study with a quantitative, longitudinal cohort approach. 105 students of both sexes, whose average age was 11.5 years, were followed over a 7-month period. Two measurements of the four variables under study were made (nutritional status, eating habits, physical activity and hours of sleep). Weight and height measurements were made to obtain the body mass index (BMI) to classify the nutritional status according to BMI/age with the growth patterns recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Eating and sleeping habits were evaluated with a self-administered questionnaire and sleeping hours were categorized for age according to the National Sleep Foundation. For the evaluation of physical activity in the students, the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children PAQ-C was used. Data analysis was performed with the SPSS® Version 22 statistical software and the T-student statistical test for related samples. Results There was no significant difference in the nutritional status by season (p=0.57). Healthy eating habits and physical activity diminished during summer (p>0,05). The hours of sleep did not have significant differences in both seasons with an average of 8.3 hours. Conclusions Healthy dietary habits and physical activity are altered during the summer. This is possibly associated to school break and there’s no evidence of a direct effect of seasonal nature.

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          Most cited references34

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          National Sleep Foundation’s sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary

          The objective was to conduct a scientifically rigorous update to the National Sleep Foundation's sleep duration recommendations.
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            Trends in Obesity Prevalence Among Children and Adolescents in the United States, 1988-1994 Through 2013-2014.

            Previous analyses of obesity trends among children and adolescents showed an increase between 1988-1994 and 1999-2000, but no change between 2003-2004 and 2011-2012, except for a significant decline among children aged 2 to 5 years.
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              Understanding differences between summer vs. school obesogenic behaviors of children: the structured days hypothesis

              Background Although the scientific community has acknowledged modest improvements can be made to weight status and obesogenic behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sedentary/screen time, diet, and sleep) during the school year, studies suggests improvements are erased as elementary-age children are released to summer vacation. Emerging evidence shows children return to school after summer vacation displaying accelerated weight gain compared to the weight gained occurring during the school year. Understanding how summer days differ from when children are in school is, therefore, essential. Discussion There is limited evidence on the etiology of accelerated weight gain during summer, with few studies comparing obesogenic behaviors on the same children during school and summer. For many children, summer days may be analogous to weekend days throughout the school year. Weekend days are often limited in consistent and formal structure, and thus differ from school days where segmented, pre-planned, restrictive, and compulsory components exist that shape obesogenic behaviors. The authors hypothesize that obesogenic behaviors are beneficially regulated when children are exposed to a structured day (i.e., school weekday) compared to what commonly occurs during summer. This is referred to as the ‘Structured Days Hypothesis’ (SDH). To illustrate how the SDH operates, this study examines empirical data that compares weekend day (less-structured) versus weekday (structured) obesogenic behaviors in U.S. elementary school-aged children. From 190 studies, 155 (~80%) demonstrate elementary-aged children’s obesogenic behaviors are more unfavorable during weekend days compared to weekdays. Conclusion In light of the SDH, consistent evidence demonstrates the structured environment of weekdays may help to protect children by regulating obesogenic behaviors, most likely through compulsory physical activity opportunities, restricting caloric intake, reducing screen time occasions, and regulating sleep schedules. Summer is emerging as the critical period where childhood obesity prevention efforts need to be focused. The SDH can help researchers understand the drivers of obesogenic behaviors during summer and lead to innovative intervention development.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                renhyd
                Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética
                Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet
                Academia Española de Nutrición y Dietética (Pamplona, Navarra, Spain )
                2173-1292
                2174-5145
                June 2021
                : 25
                : 2
                : 237-245
                Affiliations
                [1] Punta Arenas Magallanes orgnameUniversidad de Magallanes orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud orgdiv2Área de Nutrición y Dietética, Departamento de Kinesiología Chile
                Article
                S2174-51452021000200237 S2174-5145(21)02500200237
                10.14306/renhyd.25.2.1166
                d3aeea1c-3237-4550-9ce3-ca84378aaf51

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 January 2021
                : 11 October 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 34, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Investigaciones

                Sleep,Feeding Behavior,Exercise,Obesity,Overweight,Estaciones del Año,Sueño,Conducta Alimentaria,Ejercicio Físico,Obesidad,Sobrepeso,Seasons

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