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      Inter-organ communication during tissue regeneration

      Author(s): ,
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Development
      Publisher: The Company of Biologists

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          ABSTRACT

          Tissue regeneration is not simply a local repair event occurring in isolation from the distant, uninjured parts of the body. Rather, evidence indicates that regeneration is a whole-animal process involving coordinated interactions between different organ systems. Here, we review recent studies that reveal how remote uninjured tissues and organ systems respond to and engage in regeneration. We also discuss the need for toolkits and technological advancements to uncover and dissect organ communication during regeneration.

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          Macrophages in Tissue Repair, Regeneration, and Fibrosis.

          Thomas Wynn, Kevin Vannella (2016)
          Inflammatory monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages are key regulators of tissue repair, regeneration, and fibrosis. After tissue injury, monocytes and macrophages undergo marked phenotypic and functional changes to play critical roles during the initiation, maintenance, and resolution phases of tissue repair. Disturbances in macrophage function can lead to aberrant repair, such that uncontrolled production of inflammatory mediators and growth factors, deficient generation of anti-inflammatory macrophages, or failed communication between macrophages and epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and stem or tissue progenitor cells all contribute to a state of persistent injury, and this could lead to the development of pathological fibrosis. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms that instruct macrophages to adopt pro-inflammatory, pro-wound-healing, pro-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, pro-resolving, and tissue-regenerating phenotypes after injury, and we highlight how some of these mechanisms and macrophage activation states could be exploited therapeutically.
          Article 0 comments Cited 1019 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Reconstituting organ-level lung functions on a chip.

            D. Huh, B Matthews, A Mammoto … (2010)
            Here, we describe a biomimetic microsystem that reconstitutes the critical functional alveolar-capillary interface of the human lung. This bioinspired microdevice reproduces complex integrated organ-level responses to bacteria and inflammatory cytokines introduced into the alveolar space. In nanotoxicology studies, this lung mimic revealed that cyclic mechanical strain accentuates toxic and inflammatory responses of the lung to silica nanoparticles. Mechanical strain also enhances epithelial and endothelial uptake of nanoparticulates and stimulates their transport into the underlying microvascular channel. Similar effects of physiological breathing on nanoparticle absorption are observed in whole mouse lung. Mechanically active "organ-on-a-chip" microdevices that reconstitute tissue-tissue interfaces critical to organ function may therefore expand the capabilities of cell culture models and provide low-cost alternatives to animal and clinical studies for drug screening and toxicology applications.
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              Microfluidic organs-on-chips.

              Sangeeta N. Bhatia, Donald E. Ingber (2014)
              An organ-on-a-chip is a microfluidic cell culture device created with microchip manufacturing methods that contains continuously perfused chambers inhabited by living cells arranged to simulate tissue- and organ-level physiology. By recapitulating the multicellular architectures, tissue-tissue interfaces, physicochemical microenvironments and vascular perfusion of the body, these devices produce levels of tissue and organ functionality not possible with conventional 2D or 3D culture systems. They also enable high-resolution, real-time imaging and in vitro analysis of biochemical, genetic and metabolic activities of living cells in a functional tissue and organ context. This technology has great potential to advance the study of tissue development, organ physiology and disease etiology. In the context of drug discovery and development, it should be especially valuable for the study of molecular mechanisms of action, prioritization of lead candidates, toxicity testing and biomarker identification.
              Article 0 comments Cited 521 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Title: Development
                Publisher: The Company of Biologists
                ISSN (Print): 0950-1991
                ISSN (Electronic): 1477-9129
                Publication date Created: December 01 2023
                Publication date (Print): December 01 2023
                Publication date (Electronic): November 27 2023
                Volume: 150
                Issue: 23
                Article
                DOI: 10.1242/dev.202166
                SO-VID: d3f92b82-22e9-481b-b872-47275480ef1f
                Copyright © © 2023
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