Fluoride concentration in ground water and prevalence of dental fluorosis in Ethiopian Rift Valley: systematic review and meta-analysis

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Background

The concentration of fluoride in ground drinking water greater than the world health organization standard value imposes a serious health, social and economic problem in developing countries. In the Ethiopian Rift Valley where deep wells are the major source of drinking water, high fluoride level is expected. Though many epidemiological studies on fluoride concentration and its adverse effects have been conducted in the region, the result is highly scattered and needs systematically summarized for better utilization.

Objective

This research is aimed at estimating the pooled level of fluoride concentration in ground drinking water and the prevalence of dental fluorosis among Ethiopian rift valley residences.

Methods

Cochrane library, MEDLINE/PubMed and Google scholar databases were searched for studies reporting the mean concentration of fluoride in ground water and prevalence of dental fluorosis in Ethiopian Rift valley. Search terms were identified by extracting key terms from reviews and selected relevant papers and review medical subject headings for relevant terms.

Results

The mean fluoride level in ground water and the prevalence of dental fluorosis were pooled from eleven and nine primary studies conducted in Ethiopian Rift Valley respectively. The pooled mean level of fluoride in ground water therefore was 6.03 mg/l (95% CI; 4.72–7.72, p < 0.001) and the pooled prevalence of dental fluorosis among residents in Ethiopian rift valley was 32% (95% CI: 25, 39%, p < 0.001), 29% (95% CI: 22, 36%, p < 0.001) and 24% (95% CI: 17, 32%, p < 0.001 for mild, moderate and sever dental fluorosis respectively. The overall prevalence of dental fluorosis is 28% (95% CI, 24, 32%, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Though, the concentration level varies across different part of the rift valley region, still the level of fluoride in ground drinking water is greater than the WHO standard value (1.5 mg/l). Relatively high-level pooled prevalence of dental fluorosis was also seen in Ethiopian rift valley. Therefore, further studies covering the temperature, exposure time and other intake path ways with large sample size is recommended. Interventional projects should be implemented to decrease the concentration of fluoride in the ground drinking water source.

Related collections

Most cited references 35

Record: found
Abstract: not found
Article: not found

Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement.

David Moher, Alessandro Liberati, Jennifer Tetzlaff … (2009)

0 comments Cited 7382 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Statistical modeling of global geogenic fluoride contamination in groundwaters.

Manouchehr Amini, Kim L Mueller, Karim C Abbaspour … (2008)

The use of groundwater with high fluoride concentrations poses a health threat to millions of people around the world. This study aims at providing a global overview of potentially fluoride-rich groundwaters by modeling fluoride concentration. A large database of worldwide fluoride concentrations as well as available information on related environmental factors such as soil properties, geological settings, and climatic and topographical information on a global scale have all been used in the model. The modeling approach combines geochemical knowledge with statistical methods to devise a rule-based statistical procedure, which divides the world into 8 different "process regions". For each region a separate predictive model was constructed. The end result is a global probability map of fluoride concentration in the groundwater. Comparisons of the modeled and measured data indicate that 60-70% of the fluoride variation could be explained by the models in six process regions, while in two process regions only 30% of the variation in the measured data was explained. Furthermore, the global probability map corresponded well with fluorotic areas described in the international literature. Although the probability map should not replace fluoride testing, it can give a first indication of possible contamination and thus may support the planning process of new drinking water projects.

0 comments Cited 69 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Evaluation of community-based oral health promotion and oral disease prevention--WHO recommendations for improved evidence in public health practice.

Christian P. Petersen, S. Kwan (2004)

Systematic evaluation is an integral part of the organisation and delivery of community oral health care programmes, ensuring the effectiveness of these community-based interventions. As for general health promotion programmes the common problems from effectiveness reviews of oral health interventions relate to the quality and validity of programme evaluations. Problems identified mostly refer to the quality of outcome measures, short-term timescales to assess change, inadequate evaluation methodologies and inappropriate evaluation of programme implementation and processes. It remains a challenge to oral health professionals to integrate community oral health programmes into a wider health agenda. Public health research focusing on the development of evaluation methodologies has identified a variety of issues including the importance of using pluralistic evaluation approaches (quantitative and/or qualitative), limitations of the randomised controlled trial (RCT) design for evaluation of public health interventions, the need to match evaluation methods with the nature of intervention, development of outcome measures appropriate for the nature of intervention, importance of developing workforce capacity in evaluation techniques, and the need for development of partnerships between health practitioners and academics in conducting evaluations. In June 2003, the WHO Oral Health Programme at Headquarters organised a two-day workshop to take forward the development and documentation of the evaluation of oral health promotion and oral disease prevention programmes. The aims of the workshop were to: (1) identify common problems and challenges in evaluating community-based oral health interventions; (2) explore developments in the evaluation approaches in public health; (3) share experiences in evaluating oral health intervention programmes implemented at national or community levels in developing and developed countries and (4) develop guidelines for quality evaluation of national and community oral health programmes. Twenty-two invitees from 15 countries attended in addition to WHO staff. The first day was devoted to presentations of oral health promotion and oral disease prevention programmes from around the world. During the second day, WHO staff at Headquarters in Geneva discussed aspects of evaluation of public health programmes. Two working groups were formed to discuss agreed topics, and the reports from their deliberations, together with the general discussion, resulted in the presentation of emerging key issues and recommendations. In summary, it was agreed that evaluation of oral health promotion and disease prevention programmes should integrate, whenever possible, with general health programmes. While the design and advantages of RCTs in clinical evaluations are well documented, the relevance of this design in evaluation of community oral disease preventive programmes and oral health promotion programmes are much less clearly defined. Subsequently, the conduct of such programmes may be inappropriately evaluated in systematic reviews. There is a need for more research into appropriate immediate, interim and ultimate outcome measures, as well as process evaluation, an assessment that is poorly understood and practised less often than outcome evaluation. Guidance on potential design, conduct, and especially the evaluation, of community oral disease prevention programmes and oral health promotion programmes should be developed and updated regularly. WHO Collaborating Centres could have a role in promoting good practice, training and collaboration between teams throughout the world. Centres undertaking systematic reviews should consider the guidelines given in the proposed WHO document when defining their evaluation criteria.

0 comments Cited 43 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Contributors

Habtamu Demelash:

ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9381-2184

enyew29@gmail.com

Abebe Beyene: abebeh2003@gmai.com

Zewdu Abebe: zewauza@yahoo.com

Addisu Melese: addisum22@gmail.com

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Public Health

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Public Health

Title: BMC Public Health

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1471-2458

Publication date (Electronic): 16 October 2019

Publication date PMC-release: 16 October 2019

Publication date Collection: 2019

Volume: 19

Electronic Location Identifier: 1298

Affiliations

[1 ]College of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia

[2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2034 9160, GRID grid.411903.e, Institution of Health, Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, , Jimma University, ; Jimma, Ethiopia

[3 ]GRID grid.449044.9, College of Natural and computational Sciences, Department of Chemistry, , Debre Markos University, ; Debre Markos, Ethiopia

[4 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0439 5951, GRID grid.442845.b, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of medical laboratory science, , Bahir Dar University, ; Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

Author information

Habtamu Demelash http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9381-2184

Article

Publisher ID: 7646

DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7646-8

PMC ID: 6794803

PubMed ID: 31619212

SO-VID: d44fb1ff-8f0c-4c17-9a85-e136519a50ed

License:

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

History

Date received : 22 July 2019

Date accepted : 20 September 2019

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health

Keywords: dental fluorosis,fluoride,concentration,rift valley,ethiopia

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health

Keywords: dental fluorosis, fluoride, concentration, rift valley, ethiopia

Comments

Comment on this article

scite_

Cited by 22

See all cited by

Most referenced authors 545

See all reference authors

- Version 1

Fluoride concentration in ground water and prevalence of dental fluorosis in Ethiopian Rift Valley: systematic review and meta-analysis

Read this article at

Abstract

Background

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Related collections

Global Health Next Generation Network

Most cited references 35

Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement.

Statistical modeling of global geogenic fluoride contamination in groundwaters.

Evaluation of community-based oral health promotion and oral disease prevention--WHO recommendations for improved evidence in public health practice.

Author and article information

Contributors

Journal

Affiliations

Author information

Article

History

Categories

Custom metadata

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 590

Cited by 22

Most referenced authors 545